Paper on Summation

Sowmya SUMMATION A Detailed review of Summation SUMMATION Introduction The CT Summation Blaze LG product family helps you efficiently manage case information such as transcripts and documents with the benefits of full-text imaging, PDF support, electronic evidence support and comprehensive production tools. Summation to load and check DII File DII File: A DII file is a specially formatted ASCII text file that can be created within any text editor. The DII file uses a non-delimited, multiple line format. Each record ends with the image filenames themselves. The data from the file is loaded into Summation’s Core Database and establishes the link between the database summaries and the associated images and OCR documents. DII FILE COMPONENTS @T (Image Tag) Required for each DII record. Must be used before any @C tokens for each DII record. Each instance of a line beginning with the @T token causes Summation to create a new database record or overwrite an existing one. If the value that follows the @T line does not match an existing record number in the active table (usually either the STDTABLE or the ETABLE) then a new record with that number is created. If a record with that number already exists, Summation prompts the user to either replace that record’s existing image information or leave its image information intact. The field normally used to determine a record’s unique number is either the BEGDOC# field (for the STDTABLE) or the DOCID field (for the ETABLE). This field can be changed via OPTIONS>DEFAULTS>IMAGING>COLUMN TO HOLD IMAGE TAG but it is not recommended. If there is an input template on the database’s record number field, then the @T value must conform to the template format. Example: The case database has an input template restricting the BEGDOC# field to the format â€Å"AA000000† (i. e. alpha, alpha, numeric, numeric, numeric, numeric, numeric, numeric). A DII file with the following @T values is loaded: @T RT100556 @T 998113 The first line matches the template format and a new database record with a BEGDOC# value of â€Å"RT100556† would be created. The second line is incorrect, s o no database record for this line would be created and an error message would appear on-screen and also be written to the error log. D (Default Directory) Required for each DII record that has images or OCR to be loaded. The @D token designates the location where the image file(s) for a database record is stored. The data specified after the @D is loaded into the Default Directory (DEFDIR) field of the ImgInfo table. There are 3 different ways to denote the DEFDIR. 1. @I, which refers to the default IMAGES subfolder under the case directory. For example, for a mobile installation, if the case were SMITH V. JONES, â€Å"@I† would equal â€Å"C:PROGRAM FILESSUMMATIONCASEDATASMITH V. JONESIMAGES. † 2. The full path to the image file(s) location. A UNC, local, or mapped drive letter path is acceptable. For example: @D SERVER1IMAGESSMITH V. JONESVOLUME1DISK1 @D C:IMAGESSMITH V. JONESVOLUME1DISK1 @D Z:IMAGESSMITH V. JONESVOLUME1DISK1 3. @V, which refers to the specific volume label of removable media. NOTE: Users of Summation LG/iBlaze can use UNC paths after the @D to specify a folder containing images. @L (Long Name Entry) Summation 5. 21 Legacy Field. @L denotes the long name or description of the image file(s). The @L value is loaded into the LONGNAME field of the ImgInfo Table. This tag is obsolete and unnecessary on modern versions of Summation (1. 0 and higher) as they support long image file names. @C (Column to Link) 3 Optional token. @C is used to load data into specified fields in the user’s document database. This is a useful way to decrease the amount of data entry required for the database users. It is meant for use when the same value is repeated for a group of documents, such as documents that all have the same box number or author. It is not meant to replace regular data entry. For this reason, there is a limit of six (6) @C codes available for each DII record. The syntax for using the @C token is: @C For example, to fill in the ISSUES field of the database with the value â€Å"Mental Health,† the line would read: @C ISSUES Mental Health The @C line(s) should appear underneath the @T line for each database record. For consecutive DII records where these values are the same, you do not need to repeat the @C line. Instead, insert the next @C line in the next DII record where the data changes. To stop entering data in a field, insert a @C line with the field name following by nothing. @I (Image Location as in Case Customize) Used with the @D token. The @I value refers to the image location specified in Case Customize. The @I value is loaded into the DEFDIR field of the ImgInfo table. This location must be a drive letter (or UNC path for LG/iBlaze users) and path that points to the directory where the images are stored. Summation users can select any valid location or use Summation’s default location, the IMAGES subdirectory under the case directory. In either case, the image files must be copied to this location. @V (Volume Label of Removable Media and Any Subdirectories) Used with the @D code. The @V value refers to the volume label of the removable media holding image files. When using a volume label, the program will search a range of drive letters for the specific removable media volume. The range of drive letters to be searched can be specified in OPTIONS>DEFAULTS>IMAGING>DRIVES HOLDING IMAGES. The volume label can be obtained from any drive by using the DIR command at the command prompt or by looking at the drive properties in Windows Explorer/My Computer. When using the command prompt, the volume label will appear at the top of the directory display listing. Since most document images are now stored on either local or network hard drives Summation has provided an option to convert volume labels to directory names for existing database records with @V image paths. By selecting the option box labeled â€Å"Map Volume to Directory† under OPTIONS>DEFAULTS>IMAGING the volume name is converted to a directory name. A drive letter or letters matching the location wher e the images are stored must be added in the OPTIONS>DEFAULTS>IMAGING>DRIVES HOLDING IMAGES section. For example: DEFDIR in ImgInfo Table: @VCD_00001:01 Drives Holding Images: DE Program looks in: D: or E: drive for media with a volume label of â€Å"CD_00001. † If it finds matching media, it looks for a directory there named â€Å"001† for whichever image file or files were specified. @Fulltext (Lets the Database Know There is an OCR Document Attached to the Record or Records) Tells Summation that there are OCR documents attached to the record. The filenames must match the names of the images (not including the extension), and they must be located in the same place. Variations: @FULLTEXT DOC – One OCR text file exists for each database record. FULLTEXT PAGE – One fulltext file exists for each page of the document summary. @FULLTEXT [PAGE or DOC] is placed before the @T line. Similar to the @C token, this statement remains in effect until turned off by using the opposite designation. In other words, if you are using the â€Å"PAGE† method, turn it off by using @FULLTEXT in the record that does not contain a fulltext file. @O (Where OCR Documents Are if They Are Not in the Image Location) Used when the OCR documents are located someplace other than the image location as specified by the @D line of the DII file. It is placed immediately below the @D line. This token can ONLY be used in conjunction with the â€Å"@FULLTEXT DOC† tag. The full path to the OCR text document must be included. Example: 5 @FULLTEXT DOC @T AB100001 @D @I @O J:docsscanned 100001. TIF This tells Summation that the fulltext document for record AB100001 is not in the default Images directory (@I) but, instead can be found in J:docsscanned. The file name must still match the image file name. In this case the image file name is 100001. TIF, therefore the OCR text file name should be named 100001. TXT. ; (Comment Lines) Optional code for each DII record. You can make comments in the DII file for your reference. These lines do not affect the DII load. Example: ; After this Semi-colon I can make notes for my current record Image Files Required for each DII record. The last line(s) of each DII record is always the image filename(s). Backslashes in front of the filenames will direct Summation to look for the files at the root of the specified drive however, these can usually be omitted. Iterators Iterators are important optional coding methods. Iterators provide a way to use shorthand for image file names. This allows for less text per DII record, thereby producing a DII file that loads more quickly. If your image files use a number sequence, you can use iterators to indicate a range of numbers, rather than listing each image file separately. Ranges are only valid when the lower number and the higher number are the same number of digits. Files Listed Separately Example: IM00001. TIF IM00002. TIF IM00003. TIF IM00004. TIF IM00005. TIF Files Iterated Example: 6 IM000{1-5}. TIF If iterating records with attached full text (OCR) documents in PAGE format, be careful not to exceed powers of 10 in the iteration. Example: IM0000{01-09}. TIF IM0000{10-99}. TIF IM000{100-999}. TIF The example above will properly load all 999 images and their corresponding OCR full-text documents. This rule applies to the @FULLTEXT PAGE format only. Tokens Used in Summation’s DII File Token @APPLICATION Field Populated APPLICAT @ATTACH ATTCHIDS (Field selected for related attachment Doc IDs in Link Fields defaults) @ATTACHRANGE ATTRANGE Description The application used to view the electronic document. For example: @APPLICATION Word IDs of attached documents. Appending the value allows the DII to populate multiple values in the ATTCHIDS field. For example: @ATTACH EML0001; EML0002 The document number range of all attachments if more than one attachment exists. Each attachment, along with the e-mail message, will be loaded into Summation as its own record. The attachment 7 @ATTMSG @BATESBEG @BATESEND @BCC @C range would be populated with the document number of the first attachment and the last number of the last attachment. For example: @ATTACHRANGE WGH000008 – WGH0000010 N/A Relative or full path and file name of the e-mail attachment that is an email message itself. The file will be copied to the MSF folder. The Media field will be populated with the term eMail and the FOLDERID field is coded with the session name assigned during the load of DII. BATESRNG Beginning Bates number, used with @BATESEND. For example: @BATESBEG SGD00001 BATESRNG Ending Bates number, used with @BATESBEG. For example: @BATESEND SGD00055 BCC Anyone sent a blind copy on an e-mail message. For example: @BCC Nick Thomas Optional code used to load data into specified fields in the user’s document database. This helps decrease the amount of data entry required for the database users. It is meant for use when the same value is repeated for a group of documents, such as documents that all have the same box number or author. The syntax of using the @C token is: @C For example, to fill in the ISSUES field of the database with the value Mental Health, the line would read: 8 @C ISSUES Mental Health For consecutive DII records where these values are the same, you do not need to repeat the @C line. Instead, insert the next @C line in the next DII record where the data changes. To stop entering data in a field, insert an @C line with the field name following by nothing. @CC CC @D DEFDIR @DATECREATED DATECRTD @DATERCVD DATERCVD @DATESENT @DATESAVED DATESENT DATESVD Anyone copied on an email message. For example: @CC John Ace Required token for each DII record that has an image associated with it and designates the directory location of the image file(s). The data specified after the @D goes into the Default Directory (DEFDIR) field of the ImgInfo table. There are three dif ferent ways to denote the DEFDIR: 1. @I (to refer to the Case Customize Image Location) 2. The hard coded drive letter and path into the DEFDIR field 3. V (to refer to the specified volume label of the CD-ROM) For example: @D @V CD-101:Box_34 Note: Users of Summation iBlaze/LG can use UNC paths after the @D to specify a folder containing images. The date that the file was created, if applicable. For example: @DATECREATED 01/04/2003 Date that the file was received. For example: @DATERCVD 01/04/2003 Date that the file was sent. For example: @DATESENT 01/04/2003 When the file was saved, if applicable. For example: 10 @DOCID DOCID @EATTACH DOCLINK (Field selected for Linked Documents in Link Fields defaults. ) @EDOC DOCLINK DATESAVED 01/04/2003 Document ID of a full-text document, e-mail message, or electronic document. If the DII includes full-text files, then the DOCID value (instead of the @T value) is used to load and associate ocrBase documents with the appropriate summary. For exa mple: @DOCID EML00017 Relative or full path and file name of the attachment. The file will be copied to the eMail directory and the relative path of the file will be placed in the DOCLINK field. The MEDIA field will be populated with the term Attachment. For example: @EATTACHServerFiles Flood Damages. ls Relative or full path and file name of the electronic document. The file will be copied into the eFiles directory and the relative path of the file will be placed in the DOCLINK field. The MEDIA field will be populated with the term eDoc. For example: @EDOC D:eDocWordDoc. doc 11 @EDOCIDSEP DOCID @EMAIL-BODY BODY @FOLDERNAME FOLDER This token is intended for service bureaus that use their own tracking numbers (for example, TRACK001_Doc001. txt). This token allows Summation to remove the tracking ID (TRACK001) from the file so that it can be replaced with a Summation naming convention. The token uses a onecharacter string a value to indicate the demarcation in the file name. In the example above, the underscore character separates the tracking number from the file name, so the token should be followed by the underscore character. Use this character at the top of the DII file above the individual records. For example: @EDOCIDSEP _ Body of an e-mail message. Must be a string of text contained between @EMAIL-BODY and @EMAIL-END. The @EMAIL-END token must be on its own line. For example: @EMAIL-BODY @EMAIL-END The name of the folder that the e-mail message came from. For example: @FOLDERNAME Conner-Stevens – MailboxCStevensInbox 12 @FROM @FULLTEXT FROM From field in an e-mail message. For example: @FROM Kelly Morris Indicates that there are OCR documents attached to the record. The file names must match the names of the images (not including the extension), and they must be located in the same place. Variations: @FULLTEXT DOC – One full-text file exists for each database record. @FULLTEXT PAGE – One full-text file exists for each page of the document summary. These tokens should be placed before any @T tokens. Similar to the @C token, this statement remains in effect until turned off by using the opposite designation. In other words, if you are using the PAGE method, turn it off by using @FULLTEXT in the record that does not contain a full-text file. The @FULLTEXTDIR token is a partner to the @FULLTEXT token. This token provides more flexibility to both the service bureau and the client when loading a DII file that includes full-text files. The @FULLTEXTDIR token allows the service bureau to specify a directory from which the full-text files will be copied during the load. Therefore, the full-text files do not have to be located in the same directory as the images at the time of load. The @FULLTEXTDIR token gives users the flexibility to load the DII file and full-text without requiring them to copy the fulltext to the network first. An example of the syntax used with the @FULLTEXTDIR token is: @FULLTEXTDIR Vol001Box001ocrFiles The above example shows a relative path, which indicates to Summation that 13 @FULLTEXTDIR @HEADER HEADER @I DEFDIR @INTMSGID INTMSGID it should search for the full-text files in the same location as the DII file that is being loaded and follow any subdirectories in the @FULLTEXTDIR argument. The relative path works whether the DII file is on a network drive or on a CD as a sibling of the Vol001 folder. Just as @FULLTEXT PAGE and @FULLTEXT DOC apply to all subsequent records in the DII file until they are turned off (by adding the token after the last record that includes fulltext), the @FULLTEXTDIR argument applies to all subsequent records in the DII file until it is changed or turned off (by including the token with a blank argument). E-mail header content. The @HEADER-END token must be on its own line. For example: @HEADER @HEADER-END This token is used with the @D token. The @I token refers to the image location specified in Case Customize. This location must be a drive letter (or UNC path for iBlaze/LG users) and path that points to the directory where the images are stored. Summation users can select any valid location or use Summation’s default location, the IMAGES subdirectory under the Case Directory. In either case, the image files must be copied to this location. Internet message ID. For example: 14 @L LONGNAME @INTMSGID This token is optional code and denotes the long name or description of the image file(s). The data after @L goes into the LONGNAME field of the ImgInfo table. Note: This applies to Summation Blaze Version 5. 21 and earlier, and is used in the IMGINGO table. For example: @L Patient History Form @MEDIA MEDIA @MSGID MSGID Populates the Media field with the designated value (for example, eDoc, eMail or Attachment). If the value indicated in the token differs from the Summation default, or an entry exists in the field, then the most recent process wins and an entry is made in the error log. Because of this, use this token with care an only if you have a compelling reason. For example: @MEDIA eDoc E-mail message ID generated by Microsoft Outlook or Lotus Notes. For example: @MSGID 00000000E8324B3A0A80 0F4E954B8AB427196A13 04012000 15 @MULTILINE Any field specified @NOPAGECOUNT DOCID Allows carriage returns and multiple lines of text to populate the specified field. Text must be between @MULTILINE and @MULTILINE-END. The @MULTILINE-END token must be on its own line. For example: @MULTILINE NOTEFIELD Here is the first line. Here is the second line. Here is the last line. @MULTILINE-END For consecutive DII records where these values are the same, you do not need to repeat the @MULTILINE line. Instead, insert the next @MULTILINE line in the next DII record where the data changes. To stop entering data in a field, insert an @MULTILINE line with the field name following by nothing Turns off automatically using a number after a space in the Document ID as the number of pages. Allows Document IDs to contain spaces. Must be entered at the beginning of the DII file and applies to all records for the entire DII file. @NOPAGECOUNT @FULLTEXT page @TGHSPLT 3602 Q00555 @D @I Box011Dir01GHSPLT 3602 Q00555. tif 16 @OCR @OCR-END @O Some service bureaus and clients prefer a different approach to loading full-text than the traditional Summation method of requiring the full-text to be loaded from separate ASCII text files. Some clients prefer including the full-text in the DII file itself. The @OCR and @OCREND tokens give service bureaus the flexibility to include the full-text (including carriage returns) in the DII file. This method of loading full-text significantly improves the speed of the DII load, by eliminating the need for the system to search for and locate each text file and open it to copy the text into the ocrBase. The @OCR-END token must appear on a separate line. Note: When using the @OCR and @OCR-END tokens and including the full-text in the DII file, service bureaus cannot apply page breaks at specific locations in the full-text document. An example of the syntax used with the @OCR and @OCR-END tokens is: @OCR @OCR-END There are two uses for the @O token. This token is used when the full-text documents are located someplace other than the image location as specified by the @D line of the DII file. It tells Summation that there are full-text documents at this location. It is placed immediately below the @D line. There can be only one text file for the record, and it must have the name of the 1st TIFF image with a . TXT extension. The full or relative path to the full-text document must be included. For example: @O J:docsscanned 17 @PARENTID PARENTID (Field selected for Parent ID in Link Fields defaults. ) Parent document ID of an attachment. For example: @PARENTID WGH000003 @PSTCOMMENT @PSTCOMMENT-END Users may want to record information about a . PST file that is loaded into a Summation case. For example, a user may want to identify where a specific . PST file came from and what it relates to (for example, client e-mail messages related to flat space and received on April 26, 2004). The comments are associated with the . PST file designated by the @PSTFILE token that follows. The comments can be viewed from the e-mail and attachment records generated from the . PST file designated in the @PSTFILE token. The @PSTCOMMENT token is used in conjunction with @PSTFILE. It should be followed by the @PSTCOMMENT-END token and must appear before the @PSTFILE token it applies to. The @PSTCOMMENT-END token must appear on its own line. For example: @PSTCOMMENT @PSTCOMMENT-END @PSTFILE EMAIL001Pfranc. pst, Pfranc_04April_2004 Note: The comments will not be written to the Core Database record in Summation, but users can review the comments by right-clicking an e-mail record and selecting the Show PST Info option. 18 @PSTFILE The @PSTFILE token is used to process the . PST file by designating: 1) the location of the . PST file at the time of load, and 2) the unique ID of the . PST file. The path to the . PST file can either be hard-coded or relative to the location of the DII file at the time of load. The unique ID should be the same value assigned by the user to the . PST file when processing using Summation’s eDiscovery Console. If either necessary value is missing, the DII load will record an error and the . PST file that corresponds to the record with the missing information will not be processed. An example of the use of @PSTFILE: @PSTFILE EMAIL001PFranc. st, PFranc_04April_2004 Summation gathers this information but does not process the . PST file until the DII load is complete. The PSTID (the second value) is populated into the PSTID field as designated on the eMail tab in the Defaults dialog box (accessed from the Options menu) in Summation. The PSTID argument assigned by the @PSTFILE token is assigned to the record it appears in and will apply to all subsequent e-mail records. The argument is applied until either the @PSTFILE token is turned off by setting it to a blank argument (such as: @PSTFILE), or the argument changes. The @PSTFILE token can occur multiple times in a single DII file and assign a different argument each time. This allows the service bureau to process multiple . PST files and present the data for all . PST files in a single DII file. For example, a service bureau can process five . PST files and include five instances of @PSTFILE tokens with five different arguments, all in the same DII file. 19 @READ READ @RELATED OTHERIDS (Field selected for Related Document IDs in Link Fields defaults. ) STOREID Notes whether the e-mail message was read. For example: @READ Y The document IDs of related documents. @RELATED WGH000006 @STOREID @SUBJECT SUBJECT The . PST identifier. Should not be used if @PSTFILE is used. For example: @STOREID The subject of an e-mail message. For example: @SUBJECT Town Issues 20 @T IMGTAG This token is required for each DII record and designates the ImageTag. It must be the first item listed for each database record. This data specified after the @T goes into both the Image Tag (IMGTAG) field in the ImgInfo table and the Column to Hold ImageTag in the Document Database. The image tags must be unique values. For this reason, many users choose the document number as the image tag. The image tags establish the link between the document database table and the ImgInfo table. When a user is in a document database record that has a corresponding image file and they want to view the image, Summation looks at the value in the Column to Hold Image Tag field in the database and reads the image file location from the ImgInfo table record with the matching value in the Image Tag field. For example: @T CR00293 1 Note: If there is a template on the Column to Hold Image Tag field of the user’s document database, then the Image Tag must conform to the template format. For example, if the template 21 forces the field to contain a certain number of digits, any image tag values that are comprised of fewer digits must be appropriately zero filled. @TIMERCVD TIMERCVD @TIMESENT TIMESENT @TO @TRANS TO DEPOIDS (Field selected for Transcript Zoom in Link Fields defaults. Time that the e-mail message was received. For example: @TIMERCVD 11:00 a. m. Time that the e-mail message was sent. For example: @TIMESENT 10:59 a. m. To field in an e-mail message. For example: @TO Conner Stevens The transcript description. The value populates the Transcript Zoom field. For example: @TRANS conner stevens v1. txt 22 @V This token is used with the @D token and refers to the volume label of the image location. By using a volume label instead of a drive letter, the user does not have to use the same drive letter designation for their media as had been used by the service bureau. The @V token is used most often with the images that are being burnt onto CD ROMs. Substitute the volume label for the drive letter in the @D line, still including the path leading up to and including the directory in which the images are located. The Summation user must set up the Drives Holding Images in the case Imaging Defaults so that Summation knows on which drive(s) to look for the specified volume(s). The volume label can be obtained from any drive by using the DIR command at the command prompt or by looking at the drive properties in Microsoft Windows Explorer/My Computer. When using the command prompt, the volume label will appear at the top of the directory display listing. Use the Map Volume to Directory option in imaging defaults if your images are on CD-ROM, you have used the @V (volume label) code in your DII file, and the volume label of the CD(s) is also the first subdirectory. Enabling this option tells Summation to map the volume label indicated after the @V in the DEFDIR line of the ImgInfo table to the drive letter(s) set in your Drives Holding Images: @Vol:=>A:vol. Example: DEFDIR in ImgInfo Table: @VCD_00001: Drives Holding Images: D Maps to: D:CD_00001 This option is commonly used when the CDs are stored on a Meridian tower, or 3 when the volumes have been copied to a fixed drive from a CD ROM and t BENEFITS OF USING A DII FILE TO LOAD IMAGE SUMMARY INFORMATION The DII file is a formatted ASCII text file that is used to load large batches of images. The DII file is loaded in Summation from Imaging Defaults, using the Read DII utility. DII data is added to Summations Image Information (ImgInfo) Table and serves as the link between your docum ent database data and the images and/or ocrBase documents. The Image Tag is the unique identifier for each image and/or ocrBase document. When you load the DII file, Summation will alert you if any of the Image Tags (document IDs) already exist in the ImgInfo Table and give you the option to overwrite the existing record(s). When used correctly, a DII file can significantly reduce data entry time. 24 Batch Loading of Image Summary Information The major advantage of using a DII file is the ability to load summary information for thousands of images at a time. The summary information is encoded within the DII file and the summary records for each designated image are automatically updated as the file loads. In this way, thousands of summary records can be updated, giving users easy access to thousands of associated images. Reduced Coding Coding and typing can be reduced by using the @C (Column to Link) designator. @C is meant for use with documents that are categorized into groups and therefore contain repetitive data (not to replace data entry! ). It is meant for use by imaging service bureaus that are supplying you with a DII file before you begin coding, thereby creating new database records. Each record is limited to 6 @C lines. For example, suppose the service bureau is scanning and coding numerous medical records pertaining to various doctors. The records to be scanned are already sorted by doctor, and due to the nature of medical records, they are also sorted by patient. If you want to have fields filled in within the database as linked records are created, the doctor name and patient names need not be entered repeatedly. Summation assumes that the preceding doctor and patient names are to be used again in the current record if no new names are entered. Error Checking Summation will check to see if duplicates of the new records already exist within the Summation database. When a duplicate is encountered, the Summation user is prompted to either overwrite the existing record or ignore the new record. When the program encounters errors with a particular record during loading, they are documented in an error file. The error file is created in the directory of the case where the DII file is being loaded and has the same name as the DII file except with a â€Å". LOG† extension instead of â€Å". DII. † This error file lists the type of problem and its location (by line number) within the DII file. This log file is written in simple ASCII text format and can be opened with any text editor including Windows Notepad, Wordpad, and Microsoft Word. Example: A DII file named â€Å"DISK1LOAD. DII† is loaded into the â€Å"SMITH V. JONES† case. If errors are encountered during loading, they would be written to a file titled â€Å"DISK1LOAD. LOG† in the Summation program folder under the CASEDATASMITH V. JONES subfolder. 25 Simultaneous Data Entry and Scanning If users coordinate with either an outside vendor or an internal department to scan their documents, they can begin the work of summarizing the documents while they are being scanned. The customer and the scanning group must coordinate the document numbers and names to be used in advance. ) When scanning is complete, the vendor or scanning department can deliver the scanned image files and/or full-text documents to the customer on any removable media the customer’s system is compatible with. Can replace previous entries for tags There are times when organized coordination of document image tags between you and the imaging service bureau is not possible. In this case, it is easier for you to summarize the documents after receiving the files and matching DII file from the service bureau. When the DII file is loaded, it creates database records as it fills the ImgInfo Table. The only information in such a database record is the image tag. The DII data is loaded into the ImgInfo Table and the Image Tags are loaded in the Column to Hold Image Tag (The field in the document database containing the unique image tags for each image in the case. This is often the field that contains the beginning document number, although it may be a special field created for this purpose. The Column to Hold Image Tag cannot be a multientry field; it must be an integer, text or note type field. field of the database table. It is also possible to have additional fields filled in as the linked records are being created. These are linked through the use of the optional @C designator. STARTING WITH SUMMATION Starting A New Case To begin loading evidence into a case, you must start a new case that does not contain information. To start a new case: 1. From the Case menu, select New. 26 2. Assign a name to your case and click OK. 3. When prompted click Yes to assign a password to your case or No to create a case that is not password protected. BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATABASES Both the Core Database and the Notes Database should be backed up regularly to protect against loss of data in the event of database corruption. If you are operating on a network, you may still wish to create an independent backup of these two key components. After backing up the Notes and Core Databases, you should consider running additional utilities to keep the databases â€Å"tuned up†. To Backup the Core and Notes Databases: 27 1. Click once on the case name in the Case Explorer window so that it is selected. 2. Access the Backup utility by: ? Opening the CASE menu and electing Tools OR ? Right-clicking on Core Database in the Case Explorer and selecting Core Database Utilities Select Backup Database†¦ The backup window opens with both the Database and the Notes database options checked. Leave both options checked. Click on Backup. You will be advised when the databases have been successfully backed up. Click OK. LOADING IMAGES WIT H A DII FILE A DII (Document Image Information) file is a text file formatted to batch load summaries with images into a Summation database. Loading database summaries and image information using a DII file is more efficient. Preliminary Steps To help ensure the successful load of images using a DII file, the following steps should be taken prior to loading: ? Open the case into which you want to load the images. ? Back up your database. (From the Case menu, select Tools, Backup Database, and Backup. ) ? Verify the location that Summation has designated for images for this case (the @I value for this case). (From the Case menu, select Customize to open 28 the Case Directory Customization dialog box. ) Note the value in the Image Location field. The default value for this field is a single folder name (such as IMAGES). If the Image Location field contains a folder or folders without a drive letter, then this location is relative to the path in the Case Directory field. However, if the field contains a drive letter followed by a path, then this is the absolute value of Summation’s image path for this case. Most of the time, the Image Location is relative to the Case Directory path. To verify the complete path, simply connect the Image Location value to the end of the Case Directory path. You may want to copy and paste these values to a Notepad document to keep track of them. Example: ? Case Directory field – :PROGRAM FILESSUMMATIONBLAZECASEDATAMY NEW CASE ? Image Location field – IMAGES ? Complete image path – C:PROGRAM FILESSUMMATIONBLAZECASEDATAMY NEW CASEIMAGES The image path is the location that Summation has designated for the images for this case (the @I value for this case. ) ? Verify the images path in the DII file by opening a text editor and locating the image path after the @D token. Example: Sample DII-01 shows the following value: @D @I @D is the default directory of the image files. I is a value that works in conjunction with the @D token to load the image path into Summation’s database. Using the previous case image path example, the @D line would be converted by Summation as C:PROGRAM FILESSUMMATIONBLAZECASEDATAMY NEW CASEIMAGES @I is used to specify the image location. Alternatively, @V or a hardcoded path can be used to designate the Images directory. This tutorial assumes that the DII file is using @I, since that is the most common syntax. The image path can be extended by appending additional subdirectories after the @I value. Example: @D @I estdata1 29 Continuing with the previous example, this @D line would be converted by Summation as C:PROGRAM FILESSUMMATIONBLAZECASEDATAMY NEW CASEIMAGESTESTDATA1 @V Designations. Reading about @V is only necessary if your DII file uses the @V value to designate the image path. If your DII file uses the @I value, skip ahead Step 5. The @V value is a legacy format designation that allows Summation to locate and display image files stored on removable media (such as CD-ROM, DVD, etc. ) by volume name (the disc label). Vendors will typically supply two versions of a DII file: one that uses the @I value and one that uses @V. In almost all cases the preferred version to load is @I. Hard-Coded Path Designations. Reading this section is only necessary if your DII file uses a complete path including computer name or drive letter to designate the image path. If your DII file uses the @I value, skip ahead to Step 5. Summation will accept a complete path value following the @D token, but in order for Summation to display the document images, this path must be valid from the workstation accessing the case in question. Example: @D R:IMAGESDISC101 If a workstation accessing the case in which this DII file was loaded did not have an â€Å"R:† drive correctly mapped to the image file location attempting to view the image(s) would fail. ? Copy the images to the correct directory. ? Before copying IMAGES directory structure, merge all the OCR’s . txt files with the corresponding tiffs. To copy the images: 1. Open Windows Explorer (right-click Start and select Explore) and note the image path you verified in Step 3. NOTE: You can browse to this path quickly by copying and pasting the path from Step 3 into the Address field and pressing Enter. This is the directory that you will copy the images to. 2. Browse to the images that need to be loaded. These images might arrive to you on a CD, a DVD, or an external hard drive. In any case, browse to the images and prepare to copy them to the image location on your computer’s hard drive. 3. Copy the images from the CD, DVD, or external hard drive to the images location. 30 NOTE: It's important to copy the correct folder and subfolders. Verify this first by copying the first directory after the @I token in Step 4 above. Example: (A) @I value from the DII file: @I estdata1 (B) Folder to copy from the CD: D: estdata After verifying the correct folder containing images, copy it to the image path from Step 3 above. After the folders containing images have been copied to the correct image path directory, you are ready to load the DII file. This will populate Summation's database and will allow you to view and manage these images through the Summation interface. Loading the DII File 1. From the Options menu, select Defaults, and click the Imaging tab. 2. Verify the Column to Hold Image Tag. If you are currently using the standard form/table (STDTABLE), the Column to Hold Image Tag field should be set to BEGDOC#. If you are currently using the e-form/table (ETABLE), the Column to Hold Image tag field should be set to DOCID. NOTE: Documents are added or updated by a DII file based on the values in the field selected in the Column to Hold Image Tag. If a value listed after the @T token does not exist in this field for any record, a new record with this value is created. If the value does not exist, then this record's image information is updated. Click OK to save your settings. From the Options menu, select Defaults, and click the Imaging tab, and click Load DII File button. Browse to and select the DII file, and click Open. Click OK. The DII file is loaded into Summation's database and your images can now be viewed and managed through the Summation interface. 3. 4. 5. 6. CHECKING DII FIELDS 1. Right-click on core database in case explorer. 2. Select â€Å"set view to open† option, and check for Column view, Form view, Image viewer, ocrBase viewer and eDocs viewer. Select required view in â€Å"View in focus when opened† window and click ok. 3. Right click on core database and open. 31 . Dialog box appears as below opening in all the formats that are checked in the step 2. 5. Select column view by clicking on that label. 32 6. Before editing anything, change the database to edit mode from display mode. ( right-click on the column and check edit option). 7. Double click on the fields label. 8. You will find a small field list table containing a ll the available fields. 33 9. Double click on any field to bring it to view or to hide it from the view. This way we can add or remove required fields and can check whether all the fields have generated correctly in the loaded dii file. 10. Once all the required fields are selected, right click on any of the label and check display to come back to display mode. 11. Click on eDocs, Image, ocrBase or form in the lower toolbar to view in the respective format. ADDING FIELDS TO DATABASE 1. Fields are added through the Form Editor. To access the Form Editor, select â€Å"Options –> Utilities†, then select the â€Å"Create or Modify Forms † options. This will launch a separate window called the Form Editor. Now you will want to decide where you want your new field to reside. 34 Figure: Form editor 2. You may need to reorganize the form to fit the custom field. The Form may be resizable just like any window, by dragging the cursor near the corners to bring into view the resize cursor (the thin black line with arrows on either end). Click and drag to resize the form if necessary. 3. A light line around fields denotes a frame grouping of selected fields on the form. To resize the frame, click your cursor on the line until small black squares surround the frame, then click and drag them. 4. On the small floating toolbar, click on the button denoted with an ‘ab'. 5. Click on the form where you want to place the new field. A small dialog box will open, listing the currently available fields in the selected form. 6. Click on the â€Å"New† button to create a new field. 7. Assign a name and data type to the new field. 35 A field NAME must not contain any special characters or spaces, and must be less than 8 characters long, because Summation references the field name internally. The field label may be customized to the users preference. 8. Once you have assigned a name and label, you need to select a data type. It is important to put some thought into selecting a field data type, since you cannot change the data type on a field once it has been created. If you are unsure of which data type to assign to your field, click on the radio button next to each option to view a brief description in the bottom portion of the dialog box. 9. Click â€Å"Create New Column†. When prompted that the column was created successfully, click â€Å"OK†. 10. Click †Close† to return to the Field List dialog. If you should need to create multiple fields follow steps 7 through 9 until all fields have been created. 11. The new field should be one of the choices and will be selected by default. Click â€Å"OK† to select the new field and place it on the form. To adjust the field's position on the form, click and drag it to a different location. To adjust the field label and the field box individually, click anywhere on the form to unselect them. Then click back on the item you want to resize or reposition. 12. When you have successfully created, sized and positioned all custom fields, click on the â€Å"Save† icon in the toolbars. If your database contains data in it, you will be prompted to copy data to new table structure, click â€Å"OK†. 13. Close the Form Editor by selecting â€Å"Exit† from the â€Å"File† menu. 14. Click â€Å"Close† to close the Utilities dialog. To Load ocrBase Documents Using the Load Full-Text Documents Dialog: 36 Double-click on ocrBase in Case Explorer OR select ocrBase from the VIEW menu. Make sure ocrBase is in the active view. 1. From the FILE menu, select Load ocrBase Documents. 2. Select the Choose Files tab. 3. The default directory shown is the current case directory or the last directory selected using the Browse button. If the documents are located in another directory, click on Browse to navigate to that folder. 4. Select the files you want to load using any of the following techniques: ? Hold Ctrl and click on the document files one at a time ? Hold Shift, click on the first document file, then click on the last document file ? Click on the first document file, then hold the left mouse button down as you drag to the last document file you wish to load ? Select the Select All option to load all document files in the files window ? To cancel the selection of a file, click on the filename again 5. If you want Summation to verify the document numbers against any templates associated with the Column to Hold Image Tag field (BEGDOC# or other field, as needed), leave Check Templates selected. If you do not want the document numbers verified against any existing templates, clear the Check Templates selection. 6. Select one of the options in the Document ID (BEGDOC#) section: ? Ask Me (default): During the loading process, you will be prompted to enter a Document ID number for each document file being loaded. ? Use Filename: The document filename will be used during the loading process as the Document ID. 7. Click Load Documents. Summation loads the documents into the ocrBase. SEARCHING (Before doing any kind of search, make sure Core Database box is checked in case explorer) 37 . Check on the core Database in the case explorer. 2. Open the database in the column view. 3. Double click on â€Å"Searches† under the Core Database Views in case explorer. 38 4. Core Database Query dialog box appears. 5. Select the required field in â€Å"Search one of these Fields†. Click on â€Å"More fields Choices† to choose from more number of fields. Double click on the required field and see that Query appears on the query box below. 6. Same way give the required values in the section 2 & 3. 7. Execute the query. For example, Consider searching for docDates. Steps: 1. Click on docDate box under â€Å"Search one of these fields† (section1). 2. Scroll down on the drop down list, â€Å"in this manner† (section2) section and select the required field. 3. Enter the date in â€Å"For this value† (section3). 4. Full Query appears on the query box. 39 5. Click Ok to execute the query. 6. All the documents that match with the query will be listed. 7. To retrieve back all the documents, Go to Search-;Retrieve all summaries. QUICK SEARCH USING CASE EXPLORER When you use the Case Explorer to search the Core Database, the results appear in the Search Results format. The search results can be printed in the stacked format directly from the Search Results View. To Quick Search using the Case Explorer 1. Make the Case Explorer window the focus. 2. Click the check boxes next to the components you wish to search (e. g. Core Database, Transcripts, Transcript Notes, ocrBase). ? ? ? ? ? Core Database Transcript Notes eDocs & eMail ocrBase Notes ocrBase 40 ? Chronology of Events ? People ? Pleadings 4. Click in the Quick Search box. Depending on what combination of case elements you have selected, the Search dialog appears. Here you can change your search results Sort Order and/or specify running a Standard or HotFacts only search. 4. Type the search term or phrase in the white Quick Search box. You can use wildcards and compound operators (AND/OR connectors) in your search. ? Multi-character wildcard = an asterisk (*) ? Single-character wildcard = a question mark (? ) ? AND connector = & or AND (there must be spaces between the AND and the words) ? OR connector = (a backwards slash usually located above the Enter key on your keyboard) or OR (there must be spaces between the OR and the words) ? You can also use Intelli-Parse if you wish to conduct field-specific searches Click the Search button to run the search. The search results will appear in a new Search Results window. COMPOUND SEARCHES CONNECTORS IN THE DATABASE: 41 Connectors make it easy to search for document summaries where varying conditions are to be used, for example, to find document summaries where a name is in a summary field and where a certain type of document is involved. Connectors can also widen the search to include summaries of several sorts; such as, summaries concerning documents dated in the current year or any documents mentioning the defendant. As a general rule, using the connector AND narrow the search, while using the connector OR widens the search. Up to 10 connectors can be used in a search of the document summaries. Search Connectors Connector AND Definition A summary contains both values Summaries contain either of the values Example DOCDATE EQ 5/15/90 AND DOCTYPE OR DOCDATE EQ 6/15/90 OR DOCDATE EQ 7/12/90 AND NOT This excludes a NAME EQ â€Å"Smith, J. † AND NOT DOCTYPE EQ summary that Memo meets the connected value This requests NAME EQ â€Å"Smith, J. † OR NOT DOCTYPE EQ OR NOT 42 ocument summaries where the Name equals â€Å"Smith, J. † or the Doctype field does not equal Memo Memo You can create a more complex Quick Search by combining search clauses. To narrow the search, use the AND connector, designated by the ampersand (&). To broaden the search, connect your search clauses using the backslash () to represent the OR connector. You may use a total of ten clauses (i. e. , any combination of up to nine AND and/or OR connectors). Use parentheses to denote precedence or relationships between clauses within the search phrase. Sample ‘OR' Search: bill presley Sample ‘AND' Search: fire & terminate It makes no difference whether or not you put spaces between the words and the connectors. DRILL DOWN SEARCHING If you're reviewing a transcript on screen and come across a term of interest, you can search for other occurrences of that term without losing your focus by using Summation's Drill Down Searching function. Simply highlight the term of interest, right mouse click, and select â€Å"Search for ‘term'† from the menu that appears. Summation will take you to the next occurrence of the term. 43 How to Run a Drill Down Search 1. Open a transcript. 2. Right click on the text for which you want to search. 3. From the right click context menu that appears, select â€Å"Search for ‘text'. † Summation goes to the next occurrence of the term in the open transcript USING WILDCARDS IN SEARCHES Searches in Summation are done on a whole-word basis: a search for agree will find just that, not words including â€Å"agree† like â€Å"agreement. † Sometimes you need to search for more than just whole words. To accomplish this Summation Blaze supports wildcards in searches. The asterisk (*) designates a wildcard, which can represent any portion of a word. Using wildcards widens the field of possible hits generated by the search. Wildcards are used to find all words that have your search phrase embedded within them. If you run a Quick Search for TERM*, the search is expanded to encompass any word with â€Å"term† as the base, for example, â€Å"term,† â€Å"terminate,† â€Å"termination,† etc. Your placement of the asterisk (either preceding or following the word, or embedded within letters) determines the hits that result. You can use wildcards in any type of search within Summation. 44 Type This agree [no wildcard needed] agree* *gree *agree* To Find AGREE Words beginning with AGREE-, such as agreement or agreeable Words ending with -GREE, such as disagree, pedigree Words with -AGREE- as the root, such as disagreement Words beginning with A- and ending with -EEP, such as asleep a*eep USING SEARCH CONNECTORS The Summation system provides you with means to perform both simple and complex searches. You can search all fields in the document database (using the Quick Search Box) or select specific fields to search (using the Full Boolean Search dialog). This Tutorial walks you through setting up and performing both simple and complex searches. When you enter a search term or phrase in the Quick Search box, Summation conducts an Anytext search and searches for the specified text in all fields in all summaries in the database. If you want to refine your search to multiple terms and/or phrases, then you can use â€Å"connectors†. You can further refine your search to specific fields in the database, by performing a Full Boolean search (as opposed to a search from Quick Search box). The available connectors in Summation are AND, OR, AND NOT, and OR NOT. You can connect up to ten search clauses in one Boolean search using nine connectors. The Full Boolean search provides a list of operators specific to each field, which you can use (in conjunction with connectors) to further refine your search to terms in designated database fields. Search Connectors Using An Anytext Search 1. Launch Summation. 45 2. Open the Core Database, by double-clicking on its corresponding item in the Case Explorer tree. 3. Put the focus on the Form or Column View, by clicking on the respective view. 4. Type a search term in the Quick Search Box (the field above the Core Database view with the phrase Enter Search Phrase populated in it). 5. Link words or phrases with a connector to search on multiple terms or phrases. (For example, Smith AND taxes OR court. ) Note: A space must lead and follow each connector. The connectors should always be in capital letters. 6. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you complete entering all desired search terms/phrases and connectors. Note: If you search string includes more than 5 terms, you may find it more efficient to use the Full Boolean search setup dialog. 7. Click the Search button on the Toolbar, to the left of the Quick Search Box, to process the search. Searching Using The Full Boolean Dialog Box 1. Launch Summation. . Open the Core Database, by double-clicking on its corresponding item in the Case Explorer tree. 3. Put the focus on the Form or Column View, by clicking on the respective view. 4. Click the Boolean button in the Toolbar. 5. In Section 1 of the Full Boolean dialog, choose the Anytext icon (or other default icon) or choose â€Å"More Field Choices† to select fields from the active table. 6. In Section 2 of the Full Boolean dialog, use the default connector (e. g. contains) or select a connector from the drop-down list. 7. In Section 3 of the Full Boolean dialog, type the search term or phrase you want to search on. 6 8. Click the Connector button to add another search string (field, connector and term/phrase). 9. Repeat Steps 2 through 5 until all search strings have been entered. 10. Click the Display Results button to process the search. Using HotFacts with ocrBase just as u can identify a transcript note, a core database record or an ocrbase note as a hot fact, you can also use the hotfact â€Å"flag† to identify key ocrbase documents in your case. to mark an ocrbase document as a hotfact: ? Click on the ? Click on the so that it becomes again to unmark the document. SEARCHING HOTFACTS You can search only database records flagged as HotFacts when you check the Document Database folder at the Case Folder – Main Window. The Search Document DB dialog appears, consisting of 2 sections: Sort Order and Search Type. The first 2 Sort Order field options are Date (DOCDATE) and Issue (ISSUES). The third sort order field option is taken from the first field set in your Sort Order tab, found under the Query tab in the document database. If there is no sort order set there, the third option will read â€Å"Unsorted Doc DB†. The Search Type section determines what set of document database summaries you want to search. To search all HotFacts, select Only HotFacts and then Everyone’s. To search only your own HotFacts, select Only HotFacts and then My HotFacts. 47 Searching Document Database Records Flagged as HotFacts 1. From the Case Folder – Main Window, check the Document Database folder. 2. The Search Document DB dialog appears. 3. In the Sort Order section, select the field by which you want to sort your search results. You can choose Date, Issue, or the first field you have selected in your Document Database Sort Order. 4. In the Search Type section, select the record set in which you want to search: only HotFacts (all HotFacts), or My HotFacts. . Type the phrase for which you want to search into the Quick Search Box on the toolbar. 6. Click on the search binoculars to display the Search Results. SEARCHING CASE OUTLINES â€Å"You can search the case outline. For example, in the figure below, you see a search for ‘damage,' showing the first hit found in the Case Outline: th e word ‘damages. ‘ Because the search algorithm here provides for a simple string search, it will find any phrase containing the same characters (e. g. a search for ‘damage' will find ‘damaged' ‘damages' and ‘damaged'. Subsequent hits can be found by clicking again on the OK button. Summation indicates the line with the hit by outlining it in black. † 48 FILTERED FUZZY SEARCHING The Fuzzy Search is a variation on the Quick Search that allows you to search for a specific word and words spelled similarly to it. This tool can be used in a variety of circumstances, for example when working with documents that have been processed by optical character recognition software, since certain characters are often mistaken for similarly-shaped ones during that process. You can also use the fuzzy search to look for words that may have been misspelled, or for words with British spellings (such as â€Å"flavour† and â€Å"flavor†). The Fuzzy Search finds near-matches to your search requirements. It is available for searching your transcripts and/or full text (ocrBase) documents. When used to search transcripts and/or full text documents from the Case Folder – Main Window, the words found are displayed in a list of approximate matches. Filtered fuzzy searching lets you search transcripts and/or ocrBase documents for nearmatches of a single word, without having to wade through numerous false 49 positives. This allows you to select only the words in which you are interested and run another search by clicking on the Search button. A standard search for these words is then launched, displaying the hits in the regular Search Results Window, from which you can print them, write them to file, mark them as HotFacts, or drag them into the Case Organizer. The List of Approximate Matches for a Filtered Fuzzy Search 1. From the Case Folder – Main Window, check the ocrBase and/or transcript folders you wish to search. 2. Enter the term for which you want to search into the Quick Search Box. 3. Click the Fuzzy Search button on the toolbar. 50 4. A list of approximate matches appears, with the original word(s) preselected. To narrow your search, enter a higher percentage similar and click on Refind. To broaden your search, enter a lower % similar, and click on Refind. (You can select percentages between 65% and 99%. ) 5. When you're satisfied with your list of matches, select the ones for which you wish to search by clicking on them; choose all words by clicking on Select ALL words. (You can deselect words by clicking on them. ) 6. Click the Search button. Your hits are displayed in the Search Results Window. SORTING By default, contents of fields are sorted in standard A to Z, 0 to 9 sequence. You can designate descending sort (Turn this option on from the Sort Order tab of the Query page of the Document Database folder. This option forces the contents of the field to be sorted in reverse order, Z to A and 9 to 0. Ascending sort order is the default when a field is included in the sort order) using the Sort Order tab of the Document Database folder. You can also have your note hits sorted in reverse-chronological order. 1. Open the database in column view. 2. Right-Click on the column label, Click sort by â€Å"label† option. 51 To change the default order: ? Double-click on icon on the toolbar. ? Check the box in the â€Å"Sort by† table. Give OK. 52 Conclusion This concludes the detailed discussion with reference to the application of Summation to facilitate the QC process. While there are more uses and applications of Summation in EDD these have been omitted to focus the reference of the context under discussion. If you have any queries / suggestion please feel free to contact me at [email  protected] net. In case you need specific detailed references please feel free to use the links below: References: http://www. summation. com/Support/tutorials. aspx http://info. summation. com/products/pdfs/ http://support. summation. com/knowbase/technotes 53

Tuition

If students were robots they might at least not need ‘rest'. They would continue to work on a novel for days together, learn lessons of mathematics without Intervening subconscious processing of thoughts. The efficiency and effectiveness would have been uninterrupted. But students need rest, enjoyment, and change of routine. Therefore we cannot easily ignore importance of holiday, which has all the three ingredients. It alleviates anxiety of workload , takes away from hectic environment of office. Holiday is a ‘proper feed' of mind, gives it proper resting place', and timeout'.Plot for a great story Is discovered to us during our ‘Idle hours'. It underpins importance of rest and enjoyment for efficient working. A sage has wisely said, † the time that we enjoy wasting, is not wasted. † This is keeping in view the importance of enjoyment and leisurely hours in our life. A holiday is a time for celebration. It can be celebrated in a variety of ways. Student s go out for a short trip to various historical places to meet different people, enjoy their cuisine, listen to their folk songs, and legendary tales. Or they may vlslt new institutes, engage in seminars, and discussions and enrich their experiences.Besides that people enjoy playing games, joining health clubs, reading stories, learning new languages and skills going out for dinner with friends and families, watching movies and documentaries. some people get plenty of sleep thinking of rest instead of any work at all. To sum up. I can say that doing a part-time Job does students good. They can get more experience for future job, practice the lesson got from classes and grow up. For the reasons I have mentioned, I am going to seek a job for my self and do it with all my best to grow out of my own ebullient thought and action. Tuition If students were robots they might at least not need ‘rest'. They would continue to work on a novel for days together, learn lessons of mathematics without Intervening subconscious processing of thoughts. The efficiency and effectiveness would have been uninterrupted. But students need rest, enjoyment, and change of routine. Therefore we cannot easily ignore importance of holiday, which has all the three ingredients. It alleviates anxiety of workload , takes away from hectic environment of office. Holiday is a ‘proper feed' of mind, gives it proper resting place', and timeout'.Plot for a great story Is discovered to us during our ‘Idle hours'. It underpins importance of rest and enjoyment for efficient working. A sage has wisely said, † the time that we enjoy wasting, is not wasted. † This is keeping in view the importance of enjoyment and leisurely hours in our life. A holiday is a time for celebration. It can be celebrated in a variety of ways. Student s go out for a short trip to various historical places to meet different people, enjoy their cuisine, listen to their folk songs, and legendary tales. Or they may vlslt new institutes, engage in seminars, and discussions and enrich their experiences.Besides that people enjoy playing games, joining health clubs, reading stories, learning new languages and skills going out for dinner with friends and families, watching movies and documentaries. some people get plenty of sleep thinking of rest instead of any work at all. To sum up. I can say that doing a part-time Job does students good. They can get more experience for future job, practice the lesson got from classes and grow up. For the reasons I have mentioned, I am going to seek a job for my self and do it with all my best to grow out of my own ebullient thought and action.

Walmart ethics

For our assignment we picked walmart ,and here a brief introduction about the company. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is an American multinational retail corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores. The company is the world's second largest public corporation, according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2013, the biggest private employer in the world with over two million employees, and is the largest retailer in the world.Walmart is also the largest grocery retailer in the United States. Walmart remains a family-owned business, as the ompany is controlled by the Walton family, who own over 50 percent of Walmart. It is also one of the world's most valuable companies. Walmart has 8,500 stores in 15 countries, under 55 different names.The company operates under the Walmart name in the United States It operates in Mexico as Walmex, in the United Kingdom as Asda, in Japan as Seiyu, and in India as Best Price.. The Field of Company: Retail The Ethical dile mma or issue which faced the company : The Consequences of ethical dilemma : The solution or the end of the ethical dilemma : Assignment The solution or the end of the ethical dilemma :

Empirical Evaluation in Software Engineering Essay

Empirical Evaluation in Software Engineering - Essay Example The systems developed are inherently complex by nature not to mention that they are constantly changing and this has in a large part required empirical evaluations to be carried out especially with regards to the large systems so as to incorporate continuity. Question 2 What factors might make it difficult to conduct an empirical evaluation of the scenario? Explain five factors and relate each of them to the scenario. There are several factors that might make it difficult to conduct an empirical evaluation in this scenario. They include: i. The researcher’s inexperience. The complex nature of carrying out such tasks requires one to have experience in this field. In this scenario, the person concerned has not even studied this subject and this coul prove to be a mjor stumbling block. ii. Inadequate resources. In order to carry out an empirical evaluation, large amount of resources are required. In our scenario, it might not be possible to acquire adequate funding to carry out s uch a project and therefore transforming theory into reality via empirical evaluation might not be possible. iii. Cumbersome. ... v. Inadequate information.Another difficulty might come about when seeking further information with regards to the two methods. There is very little information on the matter as there has been little or no reaserch done cocerning this. Question 3 Using the Fenton and Pfleeger model, why is it hard to show that an lntegrated Development Environment (such as those stated in the scenario) leads to improvements in the software project, or in the quality of the software produced. The end product in software production is greatly dependent on two factors; the experience of the developers and the input applied to the development process. A high quality software at the end of the day should do what it was intended for but in a simpler manner and for this to come to fruittion, it depends largely on the design principles and the developer. The Integrated Development Environment lays more emphasis on the ease of use, manageability and user interfaces. This makes it more difficult to evaluate th e importance of determining the quality of the controls, resources and input since they are determined by the developers. Further, in order to determine the output, provision of empirical evidence is key so as to predict it. Coming back to our scenario, this is not practical because of the complexities and numerous functionalities of the environments (Lewis & Veerapillai 2005) Question 4 Critically discuss the benefits and limitations of the case study and the survey study to answer'- the friend's question. There are many benefits that can be realised through conducting a case study method in the evaluation process. Some of these benefits may include; quantifying of the various benefits and functionalities that may be realised in a single

Cultural communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cultural communication - Essay Example According to the Teamsterville’s code of communication that is code of honor, the people of the society communicate on the basis of their social roles. For them, the social meaning is related to their social positions. The male and female members of the society have to use their code of honor in order to continue with a relationship or to communicate. For them, social meaning is concerned with cultural communication. They use cultural codes to indicate their part in society. According to Nacirema’s code of communication that is code of dignity, the people of the society communicate on the basis of their self-growth. For them, the social meaning is related to their own self. They consider the society as secondary and their own self as primary. They employ code of dignity that states that an individual is important and should be given full opportunity to grow for his/her own self. For them, social meaning is related to self- growth. They give too much importance to communication as close, supportive and flexible and in case of lack of communication, they consider the situation as problematic. For them social meaning is related to closeness, supportiveness and flexibility in communication. Cultural codes play a crucial role in our lives and they help us to identify ourselves and our society. Every culture has some patterns and believes and people tend to be different with their respective cultures. The ethnographic definition of culture can be a shared set of values identified by all members of the society. Culture of a society or individuals can be revealed by means of communication. Communication is very significant in the identification of cultural roles of a person. In communication, we inform other people about our cultural codes. For every person of society, there is some rule of communication according to which, he or she communicates with the rest of the people of the society. In Speaking Culturally by

Does the EU have negative impacts on small states in the EU Does it Research Paper - 1

Does the EU have negative impacts on small states in the EU Does it fringe them The divide between the north and the south - Research Paper Example Additionally, it is hard to identify the similarities among the foreign policies of these small states. On the other hand, it is a challenge to enhance the influential factor on their international relations. It comes to a point that we need to plan and strategize what we know and what we need know to identify and understand the challenges facing the small states. This article confirms such doubts by giving answers to four questions: what is a small state according to the European Union? What is the behavior of a small state in the European state? What are challenges facing the small states in the European Union? What are the general effects of European Union on the small states in the European Union? This paper adopts the thesis statement that European developments have brought out many alterations on small states. However, these alterations occur in both positive and negative measures. Smaller states are in consideration because their economic development happens to less than compared to other bigger states such as Britain and France. Additionally, the population level in small states happen to be low than the bigger states. In most cases, such small states have less influence on the decisions made by European Union. Such happenings happen to be in existence because decisions made by European Union during different summits affect these small states in general. For example, the regulations set to regulate the interest levels have affected the small states both positively and negatively. This research is beneficial since it initiates better understanding on the policies affecting small states either positively or negatively. Additionally, this research identifies the major reasons as to why such small states are affected by the policy developments made by European Union. In general, the research will offer differential weight on the benefits and effects of policy development by the European Union to the small states. The relevant question at hand

Advertising Campaign among the United Kingdom and Italy Essay

Advertising Campaign among the United Kingdom and Italy - Essay Example As pointed by De Mooij and Keegan (3), advertising culture includes personality, cognition, expression, and emotion, which are all influential in shaping consumer behavior. To be successful advertisers are required to know the similarities as well as the differences of consumers in diverse cultural (3).Cross cultural communication solutions are critical to effective cross cultural advertising for any country, including the United Kingdom and Italy. Services and products are usually designed and marketed at a domestic audience. When a product is then marketed at an international audience the same domestic advertising campaign abroad will in most cases be ineffective.The essence of shock advertising is convincing people that a product is meant for them and shock advertising are all about morality. They usually involve sniffing out, simply for the sake of provocation, the ripest cultural taboo. By purchasing it, they will receive some benefit, whether it be lifestyle, status, convenienc e or financial. However, when an advertising campaign is taken abroad different values and perceptions as to what enhances status or gives convenience exist. These differences make the original advertising campaign defunct. It is therefore critical to any cultural advertising campaign that an understanding of a particular culture is acquired. The problems of communicating to people in diverse culture are one of the great creative challenges in advertising. Communication is more difficult because cultural factors largely determine the way various phenomena are perceived. Its perceptual framework is different; perception of the message itself differs. So, there are some shock advertising features in adapting from culture to culture. In Italy and in the UK shock advertising feeds on the market's inclination to reward the unconventional and take advantage of the media's shifting stand on of public sensibilities. 2. The differences and similarities in the using of Shock advertising. Some brands use shock tactics in advertising to break through ad clutter and make people take notice. The question is whether these shock tactics work or whether they just upset people. Benetton and Barnardo, Calvin Klein and FCUK have all been challenged for being too shocking. Benetton (Italy), its first steps in shock advertising were connected with "multi-racial" theme, the idea of colors, they showed a group, made up of people with different colored skin.(Appendix 1) "It was fantastic, so exhilarating to show the products in such a new and simple way." (13) Then the company uses attitudinal and unconventional advertising to mix political and social issues with their ad messages in their campaigns. There was a genuine interest in human rights and other socially conscious causes: "The purpose of advertising is not to sell more. It's to do with institutional publicity, whose aim is to communicate the company's values. We need to convey a single strong image, which can be shared anywhere in the world."(13) So, Benetton's advertising draws public attention to universal themes. The shocking photographs of Benetton's immaterial advertising had no parallel whatsoever in its material offerings. Not in its brightly colored shirts, not in the atmosphere of its stores and not in its point-of-purchase materials. Sure this contrast was shocking too, but it was shock for the sake of shock (and an immediate cash flow). Sooner or later the initial rush was

How to Manage Emotions in Airport Customer Services Essay

How to Manage Emotions in Airport Customer Services - Essay Example The most global definition of emotion draws from systems theory, identifying emotion as a multiattribute process that unfolds over time, with the attributes unfolding at different rates (Paynee & Cooper 2007). Emotions attributes are manifest in multiple channels (experiential, physiological, expressive, cognitive, and behavioral), and the channels themselves are loosely coupled such that measures of different emotion attributes (such as self-report and physiological) may not correlate highly. Following McDonagh et al (2003): 'The cognitive, functionalist position on emotion posits that emotions serve an adaptive function. In this view, emotions are considered the mechanisms that signal when events go wrong" (p. 9). In airports, emotions influence the occurrence and course of altruism, creativity, learning and memory, social perception and interaction, social comparison, resource allocation, self-evaluation, moral reasoning, attraction and liking, attributions and expectations, judgm ent and decision making, self-regulation and coping, irrational beliefs, and rumination. In addition, emotion is directly relevant to understanding specific topics central to I/O psychology, such as job satisfaction, worker motivation, and understanding how job characteristics (such as personal control) contribute to important outcomes, such as productivity (Paynee & Cooper 2007). The interviews with Samuel Keiley, a customer service manager and Adam Marks, a . a receptionist, allow to identify the main problems and techniques used by airport HR department to manage emotions and stress. in the interview, Adam Marks admits that anger and aggression are the main feelings experienced by customer service during a day. Because the organizational environment is largely shared, situational effects cannot entirely explain aggression. Individual differences have an impact, a statement that is not only consistent with several theories of aggression but is also supported by considerable research. Many employees feel trait anger which means "the disposition to perceive a wide range of situations as annoying or frustrating, and the tendency to respond to such situations with more frequent elevations in state anger" (Reeve 2004, p. 76). When people high in trait anger encounter an ambiguous situation, their default interpretation is one of threat or attack. Also, the anger they feel tends to be more intense and may not easily dissipate. Also, the interviewees admit that impulsiveness is also a problem for many customer service employees. Low control is to act quickly without thought or concern for the future, reacting on emotions with little reflection. Mot of these reactions and situations are caused by clients who demand additional services or feel frustration or anger. In general, customer service employees constantly regulate their emotions and emotional expressions while interacting with customers. Hochschild (1983) mentions this form of work as having positive outcomes for the organization, but requiring effort from the employee that is often overlooked. Front-line service workers expend more effort when they have feelings that are incongruent with the friendly displays required of them. Thus,

Impact of the Risk on Tiger Golfs Efficiency and Product Quality Case Study

Impact of the Risk on Tiger Golfs Efficiency and Product Quality - Case Study Example This paper illustrates that in addition to the probability and impact of each risk, Magness should determine the risk proximity for each identified risk. This approach would enable Magness and his team to avoid certain risks whose timing may be predicted or anticipated with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Supplier 1 poses some unique risks for Tiger Golf. These risks relate to both product quality and timeliness. The new product line represents the proprietary and intellectual capital of the company. However, as Supplier 1 produces successful knock-offs of golf clubs, there is a risk of lost revenue if the supplier produces replicas of the Tiger Golf line of golf clubs. Secondly, delivery is made FOB Origin and Port Kelang after which the cost and risk during transit would be borne by Tiger Golf. This would expose the company to the risk of damage in transit and delay. Risk of delay further increases because of the transit through the congested Malacca Straits. Moreover, there is a moderate risk of piracy in waters near Indonesia. Supplier 2 presents the risk of product loss and damage because of the lengthy overland distribution route. Disruption at any point in the distribution chain could lead to delays in product delivery causing the company to fail to launch the product at the PGA merchandise show due in six months. Trucks and rails transporting the goods could break down resulting in equipment malfunction and further delays. Supplier 3 poses the risk of supply chain interruption due to a capacity shortage. A delivery delay may also arise due to port congestion. Nonetheless, they promise to meet deadlines.

Medicine Men of Oglala Sioux Indians of Nebraska Essay Example for Free

Medicine Men of Oglala Sioux Indians of Nebraska Essay The  Oglala medicine men belong to the Sioux Indian Community in Manderson, Potato Creek, Kyle, Oglala, No. 4, Red Shirt Table, Wanblee. This Indian Tribe in Nebraska is watched over by a branch of the Office of Indian Affairs located within its territory. Civilizations have used different ways of curing their sick. The bible states that Jesus cured the sick by using miracles. The Chinese cure their sick using reflexology, acupuncture as well as the taking of the root of the plant ginseng. The American doctors use manufactured drugs like Tylenol or Aspirins to cure the pains of their patients. Admittedly, the different ways of curing the sick has been handed down from generation to generation. In fact, in some countries, the faith healers believe that they have the inner power to heal the sick if their patients will have faith in the doctors. Currently, many born again fellowships are centered on a pastor who cures the cancers (Aldredge-Clanton 11), diabetes, high blood and lets the invalid throw away his crutches because he can now walk. This type of healing is called miracle healing where the pastor impresses on the minds of their church members that Jesus and around and will remove their affliction. The following paragraphs explains the uniqueness of the Oglala Sioux Indians of Nebraska as they go about their daily festive activity of maintaining the community’s health by curing the ailments and the sufferings of their Indian neighbors. BODY His role in the community The role of the medical doctors or so called healers is to cure the sick and alleviate the pain of the dying Indian person. The healer brings hope the suffering and pain of their Indian neighbors. And the healers include in their medical armory the Sun Dance. The Sun Dance is the ritual part of the Indian doctors’ healing procedure. This dance is performed during the midsummer and indeed that most intricately complex part of the Indian healers curative process. Thus, their role in the community is to heal the patients using many processes. One such process is the ritual method. For, ritual and reciprocal communication between the patient and the medicine men and women is designed to start a biological and social rhythm motion through by influencing the neurophysiologial structures of the patients’ ailed body parts. Likewise, the Indian medicine man’s way of curing their patient is blanketed with myth which includes the use of the environment in the healing process (Lewis 169). To reiterate, the medicine men’s role is to keep as many of their Indian neighbors as healthy as possible. Evidently, a healthy people would spur the community’s economy to a more frantic pace. However, a population with many sick neighbors would eat away the community’s money because the government has lesser people to spice up the community’s economy. The medicine men and women here also help the community by influencing the policy makers in their community to craft laws, ordinances and statutes that focus on maintaining the health of the Oglala Indian community of Nebraska, USA (Lewis, 41). Thus, the role that these Oglala Indian medicine men play is very important. His status The status of the Oglala American Indian of Nebraska, USA’s medicine men and women here is such that they are being trusted and asked for advices in terms of health. In fact, many politicians in their community approve of the teachings and activities of the medicine. This is their way of enticing the medicine men and women to recommend to their patients, friends and every day contacts to vote for the politician and to support him or her plans and programs for the Oglala Indian community. Unquestionably, their major role is to keep the people healthy. (Lewis 71). For, these medicine men of Oglala, Nebraska exude an air of authority for what they tell their patients to do will often be done in most cases because the patients want to live longer. His knowledge The Oglala medicine men and medicine women are mostly comprised of senior citizens who started their medicine practice late or after the prime of their life. For, they had to gather enough experiences in life as well as theoretical knowledge that will give them necessary medical knowledge as they take up administrative positions in their Indian tribe. Many of the older women and men of the Oglala Sioux Indian settlement absorbed all they could to gain expertise in the field of medical practice that included the use of herbs as medicines. Specifically, many of the medical practitioners of this small United States tribe specialized in the study of the symptoms, causes and the herbal cures for various diseases. Also, some of the medicine men and women generally studied how to cure the physical and mind -related sickness (Lewis, 10). The Oglala medicine men are generally well versed in terms of which herbal plants will be very effective in alleviating many of the health risks of their constituents. Beliefs, and similar type of information that relates to the Medicine men. The people of the Oglala Indian settlement believe that some ritual songs can hasten the healing process. One such popular song is the Oglala’s Indian song. This magical song is believed to sprinkle the patients with the powder of cure. The Indian medicine men believe that this song is embodied with syncretistic and revivalist. For, this song brings out the embodiment of syncreustic and revivalistic elements of the Sioux faith and Pan –Indian movements. The Indian medicine men and women believe that the current ailments afflicting their constituents were caused by their intermingling with the White Americans. For, they believed that the normal Indian was healthy before these whites visited them and imprisoned them in Indian settlements. Thus, the present Indian sickness have been brought about by their change in lifestyles. For, The Indians freely roamed the prairie and other lands as they followed where the roaming animals would go during the pre –white days. This lifestyle had been cut because the whites placed them inside their Indian settlements for fear they Indians would endanger the lives of the Whites. The Indian healers believed that the Whites had forced them to live in log cabins. This is what caused their health to deteriorate to the level of the white’s health conditions. Also, the Indian lifestyles of free roaming of the desserts to search for their main dish of buffalo meat to their new log cabins resulted to a crowded home and school (Carter 103). Thus, their physical power to repel viruses and bacteria that is the root cause of many of the unhealthiness continues to this day. For, the Indians believed that living in their teepees ( Indian tent houses) brought them good health (Fletcher 81). Reference ceremonies or events the medicine men conducts or participates in. The medicine men and the medicine women of the Oglala Sioux Indian settlement studied how some of the herbs cropping up around their community could alleviate or even eradicate some or all their community members’ ailments. This also includes other mundane treatments of many of the diseases plaguing the Indian Territory. Also, the Oglala medicine men conducted their normal Sun Dance in their community to usher in health into their community. In addition, the medicine men and women of the Oglala United States Indian reservation included in some of their jobs to cure their fellow Indian tribesmen and tribeswomen several repertoire of what they identified as Sacred Indian songs. In fact, some of the tribe men and tribe women native doctors use a unique Indian method described as calling the healing process to start immediately. Normally, the healing process is a two way succeed. Meaning, the tribesmen and tribeswomen and their Indian patients must literally put their trust and fate in the medicine men and women to pluck them out of their pain or injustice. This trust is influenced by the strength and intensity of the medicine men, medicine women and their patients to have an unwavering conviction that their local community doctors here would cure them of their pain and suffering. Further, this only shows that the entire healing process of their local healers falls beyond man’s control and ambition. In short, the Indian healing process is classified by something clearly outside the normal realm of human control and ambitiousness. The medical training here is uniquely their own. Meaning, their medical procedures clearly run one hundred eighty degrees around the normal medical procedures that non –Indian medical practitioners use to cure or just alleviate their sick patients. Thus the long and energy sapping training that the Indians studying medicine in their local community willingly undergo in order to reach the prestigious status in their locality as a medicine man. In fact, only a few of the fresh graduates of formal schools are willing to continue their education in the new field of local Indian medicine. In contrast, many of the people studying medicine in this local United States Indian tribe in Lakotas (Faller 64) have also been introduced of the United States’ white men’s medical school among the Navajo Indians. However, this Navajo idea is not part of the wishes of the Oglala Indians because they do not aim to set up their own medicine schools. Here, the local Indians can sell their medical materials like the medicinal herbs as well as the ceremony programs. Usually, these Indian health programs allow the selling or giving of medicine materials and ceremonial disease -curing processes to be sold or given to another person needing them. The medical training of Indians aspiring to be medical practitioners includes starting out as assistant singer or drummer in a real live medical hearing process for several years. The Indian medical student must blend into the environment with their participation of much needed Sun Dance and other medicine rights so that the medicine trainees so they could increase their powers as well as reputation with their patients handled. For, the medicine men and women believe that they have reached that pinnacle in life where they could qualify as a representative of the spirit world. For the medicine men and women in this tribe normally also use the power of conjuring spirits to help them in their day to day medical practices (Lewis 39). A healing process includes consulting the parents and relatives of the sick patient in order to get a historical background the patient from the patients’ health issues as well as the sickness that the patients parents, grandparents and the like normally have. Also, the medicine men and women ask additional information from their patients’ advisers as well as intermediaries. Also, the Indian healers show the same techniques and processes as they go about curing sick patients with the same illnesses. A formal healing session always starts with the patient visiting the Indian healer several times in a casual way in order to entice the Indian healers to accept this person as a new patient. Accepting this patient is a new contract. The medicine men and women normally command the patients to first fast, to seek visions, to abstain on some things, to pray for divine healing from God, and to prepare food for inns. Accepting the new patient is then followed by the Indian healers’ full concentration of healing powers and time to a full implementation of the proper medical healing procedures to be imposed. In turn, the patient can now sit back, relax and wait for their medicine man or medicine woman to help him or her cure his or her medical condition. The medicine men and women recognize some of the medical practices of white doctors. One such belief shared by both types of doctors is that time is an ally in many medical cases. For, these Indian healers believe that time helps in their patients’ recovery process. Also, time heals some fears or phobias like what the white psychologists and psychiatrists adhere to. Naturally, the arrival of the medicine man or woman ushers in the patient a sign of relief because finally something and something will step into the painful world to extricate them from their miseries (Lewis 40). Normally, the Indian medicine man or woman’s healing repertoire includes a drama –like presentation. Meaning, the curing process includes a stage, actors as well as music. For, the patient is now transported into a world where the patient is not placed in darkness, immobility and a world of healing songs which sometimes includes dances. Consequently, the patient is healed because of the trance they enter into where the medical songs bring healing into their afflicted body part or parts (Lewis 42). This picturesque orchestra –like description of the medicine man’s or medicine woman’s work shows that he or she plays a pivotal part in the Oglala Nebraska, USA Indian community. On the other side of the United States, the Navajo Indians also use their kind of traditional healing. The medicine men here use the medical technique of gazing. The medicine men just gazes in their patients to feel the aura of the patient. For, the Navajo Indian medicine men will feel the vibrations that tell him what caused the patient to fall victim to a virus, bacteria, to succumb to high blood, diabetes, cancer, epilepsy and the like. The Navajo Indian doctor then moves some of the patients’ parts like the hands and feet to confirm his first impression of what the patients’ ailment is (Davies 83). The medicine doctors of Oglala Sioux Indians of Nebraska, USA’s main role is to maintain the health of their small Indian community. The medicine men use primitive ways of curing the sick. One such way is to use the Sun Dance. The Sun dance brings health to the community because this festive dance is believed to absorb the vital elements of the environment and funnel it to the people in the community. Also, the medicine man uses the communication process as part of his healing procedures. Here, he gathers much needed information from the patient, his family and his relatives in order to come up with the cause or causes of his unhealthiness.

The After Effects Of World War One History Essay

The After Effects Of World War One History Essay World War I has been an event of the great significance for its times. According to its dimensions and after effects it did not have the equalities within the previous history of the humanity. The First World War lasted 4 years 3 months and 10 days (from August 1, 1914 till November 11, 1918), 38 countries were involved within the war processes, at that times nearly 1,5 milliard, approximately two thirds of all the Earths population, people dwelled within these countries  [1]  . The multimillion armies took parts within the battlefield processes, which used the newest technologies of the military powers. It is a well known fact that a number of so called inhumane weapons (it is contemporary relation to such military forces and techniques) was tested during the World War I and used for the later military conflicts. General number of the soldiers participating within the WWI reached 73,5 million people and the war brought very significant damage to the civilians dwelling on the ter ritories the war occupied. 10 million people were killed during the conflict (historian, investigating the subject came to the conclusion that so many number of people were killed during the military conflicts in a period of a thousand years, which were held within the European continent) and 20 million of injured these are the results of these conflicts. According to the data provided within the investigations on the subject the direct expenses of participating in the conflict countries were nearly 208 milliards of dollars, which is 10 times larger than the cost of the wars lasting since 1793 to 1907  [2]  .The war provided a significant impact on the whole development of the historical processes: it caused the sharpening of the class fight, activation of the nationalist movements; the war was one of the main reasons that increased rising of objective pre-conditions of the socialist revolution in the Russian empire. Some left-oriented historians considered that the World War I and the Revolution of 1917 in Russia caused the total crisis of capitalism and it was one of the most significant after effects that impacted the history development within the countries involved in the conflict. The history of the WWI attracted attention of the numerous investigators, from different countries in the whole world. The writers were intended to analyze the reasons from different aspects, economical sociological military and examined it after effects. They analyzed cardinal questions dealing with the roots, processes and lessons of the war lasting during the 1914 1918, its impact on the further economical development, socio-political life of the conflicting countries, the role of the every participant and the character of the military operations and military tactic arts. The investigation of the First World War is still acute within the contemporary realities as it strongly deals to the one of the most significant, even burning questions the problem of the peace and t he war. The generation of people living in age of nuclear missiles turn to the past for the better understanding the present day events. We and our contemporaries are eager to learn what the reasons were and what newest military missiles were used during the war in order to understand present days events. Creating of the military political groups in Europe and armament race sharpened the difficult relation between the imperialistic countries more and more. They provided tensions within the international relations and rather calm world history changed on the more conflict, catastrophic and irregular policy of relations between the countries. It goes without saying that the sharpening of the imperialist confrontations started earlier than the war. It was already observed during the Morocco Crisis in 1905 1906 and 1911; Bosnia crisis of the 1908 1909; Italy Turkish was lasting during the 1911 1912, Balkan wars of 1912 -1913. The most significant confrontation of that period was sending the military mission to Turkey by German government, it was headed by general von Sanders and aimed on reorganization and tutoring of the Turkish army (the events happened in December 1913). Preparing for the war the governing rows of imperialistic government created powerful military industry, the basis of which were the most big and significant governmental plants ordnance factories, gunpowder factories, ammunition factories, cartridge-manufacturing plants, shipbuilding yards and many others. The private enterprises were involved to the process of military goods and production in Germany there were Krupp factories and plant, in Austria Hungary Schneider Krezo and St. Chaumont, in Great Britain Wickers and Armstrong Whitworth, in Russia Putilovs factory and many other private manufacturers. The imperialists of both confronting coalitions were faithfully supporting the military industry, they energetically fixed their defense powers and it is essential that all the contemporary investigations and discoveries of science and techniques were aimed on the providing and supporting military industry and helped to developed radically new tactics of military conflicts. The newer, more perfect armor appeared: rapid rate rifles and machine guns, which provided increasing of the firing powers of the infantry forces; within the artillery arms there was observed significant growth of the quantity in rifled-barrel guns of the newest systems. It goes without saying that the development of railroads had also been a part of the strategic plan. Their role was strategically very significant as they helped to fasten the centralization and deploying for action of the large military masses by the human inputs and any other type of material and technical supports of the army. The role of autom obile transport also started to increase. The military air forces appeared it was really the first military conflict where aviation was used as a military force for bombing, it was innovation that changed the whole idea of the contemporary military confrontation. The usage of the newest means of communication such as telephone, telegraph and radio helped the leaders of the military troops to provide all the necessary arrangements within the army they were leading. The number of soldiers was increasing significantly and well-taught arrearage forces had also appeared during this period of the military development. It goes without saying that imperialist nature of the majority states involved in the WWI was playing probably one of the most significant roles in the military development of the countries. In the field of naval military forces there was severe confrontation between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Germany. Both countries provided huge expenses for supporting their military naval forces. From the 1905 the new type of military ships was involved the dreadnought type of ships. Up to the 1914 the German naval forces firmly occupied the second place in the highly developed naval forces after the United Kingdom. It goes without saying that the other countries were also intended to develop their naval forces, but financial and economical facilities did not let them to provide the set shipbuilding programs. The increased armament drive was overwhelming and as a result it needed significant financial inputs as it usually happened the labor class was supporting all these expenses. The wide spread was provided to the ideological support and preparation to the First World War. The Imperialist leaders tried to persuade the nations about inability to avoid serious military confrontation between the states, the militarism became a part of the propaganda and was forced into the applications, chauvinism has also became a significant force for militarism propaganda the leaders of empires used to reach the set aims. It goes without saying that all means of propaganda were used: public means, literature, arts, church are among the most influential and significant for that period. Bourgeoisie of all the states, playing with the patriotic feelings of the different nations, found the real justification for armament race, providing a perfect mask for the expansionist policies by the massaging the theme of the necessity to defend their motherland from the external enemies (i. e. the other countries taking the leading positions on the armament drive). It goes without saying that the governmental forces at those times, supported by the biggest manufacturers of their countries were intended to solve certain problems with the help of the War. It goes without saying that German government (supported by Krupp manufacturing powers) were intended to enlarge the territory of the state as Germany being separated for quite long period of time did not participated on the military arena and did not take part in the carving up the colonies and territories. German Kaiser Wilhelm II was very ambitious person and supported by the key industrialists he promoted his expanding policy. The internal policy of the Germany at the time of so called The Long Fuse by historians was also aimed on concentration the powers within the Kaisers hands. He was the one who set his ideas as seeking for the place in the sun for the German nation. Kaiser was the one who found explanation of his policy within the national interest. He built strong military machine due to the Tirpitz plan and was without any doubts successfully confronting British fleet. Being one of the most significant figure in the war Wilhelm II was not the one who forced the events, he just did not prevented the activity of Austria Hungary. The same time he did not paid enough attention to control the socialist movements in Germany, which also played a significant role and provided an impact on the World War I and made Kaiser to refuse from his title and leave the country. According to Versailles Peace Act Wilhelm II was called the main war criminal, who was supporting the conflict. It would be necessary to say that all the leaders of some imperialist countries (the core participant in WWI) were relatives Kaiser, Russian king, Nicholas II and British King George V. It goes without saying that confrontation between the Germany and Britain made both George V and Kaiser seek for the suitable their region politics. George V refused all the German titles when the war broke up. Alongside with the imperialist leaders there should be mentioned alternative forces. The real force that could prevent the expansion policy of the imperialist government was so called international labor class, which consisted of nearly 150 million people. The labor movement in the worldly measures was headed by the International, which united 41 socio-democratic parties from 27 world countries consisting of 3,4 million members. But the opportunist leaders of the socio-democratic parties from Europe could do nothing for providing in life the anti-military decision of the 2nd International congresses, which took place accurately before the WWI started. As it usually happened the strong political forces supported the governmental policies of their imperialist leaders and voted in the parliaments for supporting the military credits. The Socialist leaders of France, Great Britain and Belgium even took part participating within the bourgeoisie military governments. 2nd International ideol ogy was ruined and it stopped its existence. It should be noted that the left oriented parties of Russia and Germany were the ones that kept on the anti-militarist policy and did not supported the war. The Russian scenario is well known all over the world. At first the leftists did not supported the military strategy provided by the king, strongly criticizing the intension of the Russian leaders to participate in the WWI and finally it ended by the Revolution of 1917, refuse for further participation in the WWI and Civil war in Russia. The Leftists were supporting the idea that the war is imperialist and do not have any brighter perspectives for the working class all over the world. They were supported by the German social-democrats and some French socialist leaders. The revolutionary ideas provided also very significant impact on the WWI and further development of European history. The German November Revolution was the one that played significant role for the whole war processes and the people cant stand oppressive military policy anymore. It would be hardly to define was it good or was it not but it is the historical lesson. Kaiser, even supported by manufacturers could do nothi ng with the growing indignation from the masses. The German scenario did not cost so many ruins for the country as the Russian one, but it was a total loss of the campaign. The united European power oppressed Kaiser and he could not keep on anymore. It goes without saying that all the united factors started the war and the united factors ended it. The most powerful world states were involved in the conflicts and it was looking like the demonstration of scientific and technical achievements of the confronting sides  [3]  , expanding policies of the country that did not took part in the main division of the colonies and the participation of the private companies in the supporting the war processes. In the end I would like to return to the very beginning. The represented statistical data, the death rates, the appearing of inhuman weapons that is still become a very contradictory question. The whole WWI was the shift moment in the world and especially European history. It showed who actually who is, the demonstration of power and forces showed the equipment and the results of armament rate. The revolution and socialist leaders and ambivalent figure of Lenin in Russian Revolution of 1917 all these were powers involved in the WWI, the results of which are really significant if we look back to observe them. The start of the new division and the expansion policies could be hardly accepted by contemporary society but the case of Kaiser Wilhelm II and other military leaders, who were intended to demonstrate the powers, the united powers that stressed Europe are really good lessons from the history. The after effects were different for the many countries. But we know that in the end the re was significant crisis in Europe and US and other countries involved in WWI. Understanding the core ideas and lessons of the First World War is really important for contemporary world. The First World War gave a strong push to the development of missiles of massive attacks and the first weapons of mass destruction were tried. Personally I think that in the present day world such type of conflicts is impossible as the results were undertaken. Historians still argue of the roots of WWI conflict that stressed all the European powers and make them either unite or confront and the common reason is one. During the 10 years Europe was living under the tension and stress, the small attempts of the territory fights were not enough for the countries growing their weapons and making significant inputs into the military and defense industry (it should be noted that manufacturers also supported the idea of the military conflict and took an active part in supporting the governmental forces). T hey need to demonstrate the power and start the re-division, more significant than Morocco crisis and the result was WWI engaging the strongest European forces.