Murdered Women of Ciudad Juarez Mexico

Introduction There are various forms of human conflicts. The causes of these human conflicts vary. They include gender, tribal, and racial conflicts. Conflict between genders is a key theme in literature.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Murdered Women of Ciudad Juarez Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, gender violence concerning females during the time of war or other circumstances of dispute and conflict is a matter of utmost importance. Naturally, men seek to have superiority over the females. In extreme conditions, they adopt violence as a way of suppressing the women. This assures total frustration of women so that they willingly submit to the men. During war, men accomplish this by raping, using physical torture and murder. In some countries, this behavior becomes an issue of national concern. For example, the death of women in Ciudad Juarez is one of the most tragic phenomena that the wor ld experiences in term of gender violence to women. It is a condition that the authorities finds difficult to control and maintain. The Spanish refers to the female homicide taking place in Juarez as Femicide. In this homicide, serial murderers have been killing women in the city since 1993. Ciudad Juarez is a town which is in the northern parts of Mexico at the border of Rio Grande and El Paso. Researchers estimate the number of deaths to about five thousand people. This phenomenon has attracted some international attention due to the perception that the government of Mexico has remained indifferent and reluctant to solving the situation. International bodies have a perception that the authorities play a significant role in promoting gender violence against women in Ciudad Juarez. Nature of Victims There is evidence which suggest that the nature of women targeted in Juarez has certain similarities. Investigators say that most victims are laborers of Maquiladora and students. Most w omen share physical similar appearances. Most victims share physical similar appearances.Advertising Looking for term paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The murderers torture and mutilate the victims before killing them. The statistics of female homicide remains conflicting. There are different reports with varying statistics about the number of murders. As a result, the Amnesty International gives insufficient data concerning the committed crimes in Chihuahua. This Femicide has raised conflicts around it blocking the pursuit for justice. Amnesty international argues out that, by February 2005, the murders exceeded three hundred and seventy in Ciudad Juarez. Prosecutors from Chihuahua suggested that, by the year 2010, organized gangs killed about two hundred and seventy ladies in that state. Out of the two hundred and seventy murders, two hundred and forty seven of them came from Juarez. In his report, C arlos Manuel Salas reported that there were two hundred and twenty two murders since the month of January to August of the same year. In total, the gangs killed over three hundred females in Mexico. It is thus exceptionally clear the number of murders happening in Ciudad Juarez is higher than those happening in other cities of Mexico and U.S.A (Alba 2005). Perpetrators The properties of the perpetrators, the relationship they have to the victims and their motives remain uncertain. This uncertainty is due to the unjust system of government in Mexico which does not allow adequate investigation and documentation of the crimes. Literature attributes the murders to patriarchal buckles that operate against working females. It considers this as a potential reason for the killings. In this case, women employment has challenged the opportunities available for men.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Murdered Women of Ciudad Juarez Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This raises conflict between the genders. Some researchers attribute the killings to the Mexican crisis in their structure. These crises include poverty migration, poverty and injustice. Traditions also purport gender violence against females in Ciudad as a way of dominating, controlling, suppressing and excising power over women (Foweraker and Ann 1990). Murders to Murders As a matter of fact, there exists intensive violence against women in Ciudad than any other city in Mexico. This violence has led to many negative effects to the city of Ciudad Juarez. These include unnecessary migration, existence of orphans among many others (Morris 2009). As human beings, the world expects the city of Juarez learn from their mistakes. However, the behavior is spreading and increasing in other parts of Mexico and U.S.A. This spread is as a result of the pre-existing femicide in Ciudad Juarez. In other words, the murder of women in Juarez has e ncouraged and supported the growth of this problem in the society in various ways. These ways attach on the factors that contribute to femicide in Ciudad Juarez. These factors when combined with the femicide contribute to the spread of the problem. Suppressing Women To begin with, men in the society consider violence against women as a way of oppressing and dominating them. This is a traditional methodology that elevates men above women. As a matter of fact, this has certainly managed to suppress women in Juarez. The men in Juarez can, therefore, consider this methodology as a suitable tool of obtaining superiority. In the literature, it researches prove that humans tend to take up the behaviors of those they relate and socialize with in the society. They also tend to copy and emulate what they see in other people especially if it is favoring them.Advertising Looking for term paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, men in the society view this as a tested and approved methodology of suppressing the females in the society. This has supported the spreading of this problem the society. We can, therefore, conclude that Juarez has set a poor example to the society. International Shame It is, also, evident that the authority of Mexico considers this homicide as an international shame to the country. As a result, the government, therefore, obscure investigations concerning the murders and the victims affected by the gender violence against women, in Ciudad. In addition, it neglects the pursuit for justice by family members and relatives who lose their loved ones. They do this in a bid to prevent the international intervention in the matter which would consider them as unable to protect and guard their citizens against gender violence. As a result, the murderers take advantage of this condition and increase the killings. It also allows sufficient freedom for the killers to expand and spr ead to other areas in the society. In fact, there are several rulings by international bodies against the government of Mexico challenging their indifference, insufficient response to the matter in question and the rising cases of murder that the country experiences. The international bodies assert that the government reluctance and exhibition of tolerance to such crimes contributes to spread and growth of the murders. In addition, it is quite ironical that while hundreds of killings have happened in the country the police have convicted a negligible number of people. Many questions have emerged challenging the integrity and method of investigations carried out in the administrative system. The corruption exhibited by the Mexican government has set a poor example to the society. The neglect by the government to curbing gender violence in Juarez has played a significant role to the spread of the problem. Authority Supporting Gender Violence Ironically enough, the policemen whom the s ociety expects to offer security involve themselves in the gender violence that gangs launch against women. They practice the abuse of power in their line of duty. A woman by the name Espiona suggests that the chief has given the police some powers that they should not have. She has a firsthand experience of power abuse. She says that, during one night, she received orders to enter into her car by policemen pointing guns at her. Afterwards, the police commander got into her car and made some sexual advances with her. She says that she experiences emotional setbacks over the sexual harassment that happened to her. In this case, the authority, which we expect to protect the citizens from gender violence, involves itself in propagating the violence. As a result, this supports the growth of gender violence in society. Preventing Media Overage The government of Mexico makes a lot of efforts to prevent the coverage of gender violence in Ciudad Juarez by the media (Ruvalcaba and Ignacio 20 10). As a result, international authorities cannot identify the frustrating crimes against humanity. The citizens in other parts of the society are unable to learn from the crimes happening in Ciudad. The media are does not get a chance to warn people against such happenings. It is also unable to counsel the killers to refrain from such actions. This total public ignorance about violence against women makes the society remain ignorant about its existence. They, therefore, take less or no measures of safety against it. Consequently, the people behind it get a better chance to propagate it in the society and hence its growth. Spread of Drug Trafficking It is also evident that the drug traffickers influence abductions and killings that take place in Ciudad Juarez (Watt and Roberto 2012). In the modern society, drugs and drug trafficking is one of the most challenging matters. It is spreading and getting popular every day. Drug traffickers have expanded at an extremely high rate. Most e xpectedly, when the drug traffickers expand their territories they also spread the other immoral behaviors that they have. In this case, the drug cartels encourage abduction and killing of females directing a lot of violence to the Mexican population. When the drug cartels are expanding their territories, they encourage the spread of female violence in society. Drug trafficking and governmental reluctance propagate the society to adopt the culture of gender violence. In addition, gender violence that the drug cartels have exhibited in Ciudad Juarez has encouraged other drug cartels in the society to engage the same behavior. Gender violence in Ciudad Juarez is also as a result of organized gangs and robbers on the border. In fact, an investigation carried out in Colegio de la Frontera suggests that 9.1% of the killings of women are as a result of drug organized gangs. The gangs rob women and abduct them for prostitution. Some of these gangs are extremely strong such that they become permanent. As a result, they engage and specialize in gender violence against women as permanent groups. Therefore, they try to get more women in other places other than relying on the border. They thus spread this violence to other places in the country. Furthermore, prostitution has become an indispensable vice in the society. It is a significant source of money to those who engage in it. The abduction and murder of women in relation to prostitution in Juarez thus sets a poor example to the society. As a result, that prompts the societies that engage in prostitution. The society adopts the same behavior hence encouraging its growth. Spread by Gang The other way in which murders in Ciudad Juarez contributes to growth and support of this problem is by activism. Following the gender violence in Ciudad Juarez, selected women volunteer to claim and fight for their rights as women. They commit their lives to protest against violence against females. They do this in a bid to reduce the death, mutilation and torture in the society. Most expectedly, the society looks forward to the reduction of this violence as a result of the activism. However, the killers shift to targeting the activists and murdering them. In addition to that, they also kill their relatives and families, as a result, to the activists, behaviors. This indicates that the murders in Juarez which lead to activism also cause an increase in the number of murders of women. Countering Activism For example, Susana Chavez who was a famous activist against this gender violence against women died as a result of her activism. She protested against the incompetence of the city’s authority in finding the perpetrators who were responsible for the murder of hundreds of ladies since 1993 in the city of Ciudad Juarez. She looked forward to putting a stop to the killing of women which started even before the domination of drugs in Ciudad Juarez. She used a popular slogan â€Å"Not one More Death†. Murd erers killed the lady at the age of thirty six years as a result of her effort. Her mother says that she waited for her for a whole night, but she never came back. She was driving to a restaurant to take a meal in the celebration for the arrival of 3 kings in the country. However, they attacked her some streets away from her residence. Initially, they had said that the activist had joined them for a drink, after refusing to give them sexual favor they killed her. After her death, her parent found her body after days of serious searching. They found the body in an abandoned house. The parents found the body without the left hand. Researchers suggest that they cut hand to suggest that her death did not have any relationship to her activism. In fact, the officials said that murder did not have any relationship to her activism. In addition, the Attorney General described her death as an â€Å"unfortunate encounter (BBC news – home, 2012). On the contrary, the group of human righ ts, Amnesty International argued that her murder indicated that violence against females was increasing. They attributed this rise to a possible empowerment of the serial killers as a result of her death. This implies that, her activism lead to support and the growth of this behavior in the society. In another case, the killers murdered a prominent activist by the name Marisela Escobedo Ortiz near a government building. Before her death, unknown people had threatened Marisela against her activism. They had hung up a banner in front of the school which she teaches. They warned her against teaching a female by the name Malu. The group said that if Marisela continued doing so, it would have killed her son. They further said that they had her son’s on the list of the victims. She was a mother to a young girl whom they killed at the age of seventeen years. She had spent years campaigning against gender violence against women. Masked men pulled from a vehicle in front of her while protesting. They began talking to her after which she ran away across the street where they shot her onto the head to death. This happened in front of the office of the governor in Chihuahua. The boyfriend to her daughter is the suspect for the two murders. They also killed Josefina Reyes, who was also an active activist against related to crimes against females and violation of women rights by the army, near Juarez in the year 2010. Surprisingly, four of her relatives have also been killed since her death (Staudt 2008). Most undoubtedly, the murders have killed the four relative so as to remove the possibilities of continued resistance by her relatives and family members. Therefore, it is clear that activism launched against gender violence on women has supported the growth of the problem. Risk of Migration Gender violence against women in Juarez forces women to migrate from the area to the city of El Paso. From statistics, two hundred and thirty thousand people left Juarez in the year 2009 abandoning thirty two hundred and seven hundred homes. Researchers have reported that fifty four percent of these people moved to El Paso. The migrants move from their mother country in pursuit of peace. However, the American government has intensively fought against this illegal migration into its country. As a result, the migrants find an alternative path for migration (Wilson 2009). In this case, they borrow permission from other illegal gangs like the La Linea. They expect the gangs to offer a more secure path for their migration than the path they used earlier. However, the gangs attack and kill them in the process instead of protecting them. In August 2011, the gangs killed seventy two women in Tamaulipas which is in the northern part of the country. Researchers suggest that in the process of the women expose themselves to higher risk of abduction and murder as they travel across the desert. Unexpectedly, corrupt policemen and the immigration officials blackmail, abd uct and kill some of the victims. The researchers say that most gangs kill the migrants with the help of the local authorities. This way, the existing murders, play a role in supporting the same behavior. In addition, the researchers have observed that the migrants carry with them the same behaviors they had in Juarez. The old residents of Santa Maria Atzompa say that when they looked around they only saw new arrivals. They see children flooding their schools, women laborers in work areas and new businesses everywhere. However, Marcelino, who is a local artisan, say that before they came everything was tranquil. She adds that they only brought complications in the city and no benefits. As an implication, the continued migration of women and men form Juarez into the city is a tool that will contribute to the spread of this behavior which made them run away from their homes. Moreover, the change of pattern in migration has also worsened the situation. This change in the pattern is due to the strict rules of the American government against illegal migration. Consequently, they choose to settle in more peaceful cities like Oaxaca and Merida. This phenomenon leads to spread of such behaviors to a larger area. As a matter of fact, this migration is an enormous challenge and yet a surprise to the cities in the future. Forced Labor in Maquiladros Another important way in which the death of women in Ciudad Juarez has contributed to the growth of the problem is through forced labor. When men kill and torture women in Ciudad, they feel inferior and unworthy. The murders instill fear and inferiority in them. They become into poor and dependent. Consequently, factories employ them as workers but pay them less. They prefer women laborers since they are more productive than men. Though they appreciate the high productivity, they pay them seriously little amount of money. They use the little payments to prove the inferiority and unworthiness of women. The most critical part o f this phenomenon is that the supervisors torture and even kill the workers. They torture them emotionally and physically making them submissive. A young woman by the name Maria says that she has worked over years in the factory. When she was working there, she was burnt by the chemicals for a number of times. Most of the chemical names are in English making the difficult for them to understand. They cannot read the warnings on the labels. Surprisingly, they never get compensation for the physical loss (Prieto 1997). Instead, the managers fire the workers who suffer such burns immediately. Her coworker, Carmelina tells a similar story. She worked in the factory for thirty five years. The owners abuse them physically and emotionally. The bosses blame all accidents that happen on the workers. The workers die poor and young. In fact, they consider women as bodies instead of human beings. As a result, they kill those who get such accidents and interchange the dead with new bodies. In fa ct, they argue that the labor value of a maquiladora worker decreases with time. According to them, a woman’s value as a worker diminishes after years of exhausting hours of work in the factory. More over the researchers suggest that the gangs target the workers in Maquiladora factory. This is because; males do not like to see employed women. Men, therefore, kill some of the workers as they move to and from the factory. The researchers also suggest that, in some incidents, the factory management recommends the death of some workers by the gangs. In this way, the pre-existing deaths of women contribute to the death of more women. Machismo and Mariansimo Murder of women has increased the ideology of Machismo and Marianismo. These are two terms that Mexicans use categorizing the male and female status. Machismo represents the male power and aggressiveness. On the contrary, Marianismo represents the ideology that women should carry out domestic roles only (Vulliamy 2010). Women s hould carry out domestic chores as wives. They should not be paid for any labor they offer. As a result, women who seek employment in the factories go against the ideology of Machismo. It challenges the sense of hyper masculinity that exaggerates the ability and status of men. Given that, death of women has encouraged Machismo it directly encourage men to torture and kill women without fear. This ideology does not only lead and encourage men to torture women, but it also leads to mental and emotional torture. Scientist approve that emotional torture causes a sizeable number of deaths within the population. As a matter of fact, Mexican women are not an exception to this indictment. The ideology of Machismo also encourages little care to the females. Therefore, the society neglects their health and welfare. This increases deaths of women in the society of Mexico. For example, some factories testify in the public that they cannot employ pregnant women. This is because; the society cons iders women as object of service as a result of this same ideology. As a result, the death of women supports the growth of murders of females. Murder in Pretext The existing murders have also encouraged murder of other innocent women in the pretext of pre-existing murders. In this case, other people kill their relatives and for other reasons, but people the authority assume that it is as a result of the existing murders. To add on to this, some individuals kill their friend through the existing serial killers. It offers a solution to disputes especially between married men and women. Such actions express a feeling which suggests that the society is supporting the ideology of gender violence against women. This encourages the growth and spread of the behavior among the society. Habit of Murder Lastly, murder of women by the serial killers in Ciudad Juarez has created this behavior which is difficult to abandon. In literature, when a community or a group of people get into a given beh avior without guidance or opposition, they increase their aggressiveness. In this scenario, the culture that supports murder of women in Ciudad Juarez has created a habit that the society can hardly eradicate. Therefore, without any control measures the behavior is more likely to spread than deteriorate. Though this argument might seem philosophical, it represents a clear image of human beings’ behavior. The Mexicans are not an exception to these rules of other human beings. Conclusion In conclusion, gender violence against women is a conspicuous challenge to the society of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico and the neighboring countries. Through the above discussion, it is clear that the problem propagates itself to higher levels of complexity and danger. It is evident that the existing murders of women led to increase, spread and growth of the behavior. This is not a matter of national concern, but an issue that the whole world should address. If the involved will not work to eradicatin g the prevailing murder cases, the condition will worsen. Individually, people should fight the cultural ideology of hyper masculinity and encourage gender equality in the society. The society should collectively discourage drug abuse in a bid to prevent such vices as gender violence, arising as a result of their use. Local and international authority should protect and guard their citizens with diligence against gender violence. Corruption, negligence and irresponsibility, are vices that all people should fight in the society. Works Cited Alba, Alicia. Desert blood: the JuaÃÅ' rez murders. Houston, Tex.: Arte Publico Press, 2005. Print. â€Å"BBC News – Home.† BBC News – Home. N.p., n.d. Web. https://www.bbc.com/news. Foweraker, Joe, and Ann Craig. Popular movements and political change in Mexico. Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers, 1990. Print. Morris, Stephen. Political corruption in Mexico: the impact of democratization. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publish ers, 2009. Print. Prieto, Norma. Beautiful flowers of the maquiladora: life histories of women workers in Tijuana. Austin: University of Texas Press, Institute of Latin American Studies, 1997. Print. Ruvalcaba, HeÃÅ'ctor, and Ignacio Corona. Gender violence at the U.S.-Mexico border: media representation and public response. Tucson, Ariz.: University of Arizona Press, 2010. Print. Staudt, Kathleen. Violence and activism at the border gender, fear, and everyday life in Ciudad JuaÃÅ' rez. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008. Print. Vulliamy, Ed.. Amexica: war along the borderline. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010. Print. Watt, Peter, Roberto MartiÃÅ'. Drug war Mexico: politics, neoliberalism and violence in the new narcoeconomy. London: Zed Books, 2012. Print. Wilson, Tamar. Women’s migration networks in Mexico and beyond. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2009. Print. This term paper on Murdered Women of Ciudad Juarez Mexico was written and submitted by user Karla H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Perkins also gives us an insight of the impact of corporatocracy on us as we are being exploited by the economic engine that creates an insatiable appetite for the worlds resources and results in a system that fosters slavery. This quote emphasises what we encounter everyday in our lives; in banks, governments, Nike and Wal-Mart and nearly every other corporation in the world and that we are convinced by this economic engine and induced to consume, consume, consume (p xii -xiii). A key question is why did John Perkins become an EHM? He implies that his choice of this career path was due to two events in his life; his loyal friendship with Farhad, a son of an Iranian general and his encounter with Anne, his ex-wife (p 5). His parents also played a role in his point of view since he grew up as a poor puritan among so many wealthy. According to the protagonist, living a life of frustration craving sex and money generated a pivotal role in establishing his aspiration to live the good life, which was the lure that MAIN adopted to mould him into an EHM (p 7). But the more vital question here is how was such a disbeliever in the corporatocracy become ensnared in its web of deceit? The answer is the manipulative strategy of exploitation. Perkins wife introduced him to an executive at the NSA (National Security Agency). Perkins then undergone a series of NSA assessments were focused on his frustrations, his upbringing and his relationship with his friend Farhad. This portrayed how seducible the protagonist was and he was later further lured indirectly to be trained as an EHM (p 9). When he began to realize the true nature of EHMs, he became juxtaposed between becoming one and living the good life or walking away. He often questioned if what he was about to engage in was right and suspected he was not but eventually greed and the appealing opportunities MAIN offered won and he justified his decision by presupposing that he will expose the corporatocracy after he advanced deeper (p 17). EHMs have been involved Panama, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Ecuador. In each case the author describes various strategic tactics they employ and their various outcomes to the countries leaders, politics and people. Panama was ruled by its hero Omar Torrijos at the time Perkins was sent to make his economic forecasts (or in reality an economic hit). Torrijos believed in his countries right to rule its own Panama Canal with no U.S intervention (p38). In 1972, Perkins established a relationship with Torrijos where it appeared that the he knew MAINs true agenda towards Panama as he implies, I understand that your company wants more work and usually gets it by inflating the size of projects.. This time is different Give me whats best for my people .Ill give you all the work you want. It was obvious that this man was solely concerned for the benefit of his country and to benefit the poor as rather than himself and which in my point of view proves that not all leaders are corrupt. Perkins also portrays that Torrijoss selfless attitude would be seen as a threat but Torrijos expressed his knowledge openly that at anytime the U.S could assassinate him and that he will not be destroyed easily, We have the Canal The CIA will have to kill me! (p 72-75). His expectations came to life on July 31st 1981. His death, which my mother described as a mysterious plane crash, was a result of his true devotion to Panama rather than the U.S dollar. He renegotiated the Canal Treaty with the U.S President Jimmy Carter to surrender the Canal to the Panamanians and later refused to renegotiate it with President Reagan. The U.S wanted sole control over the Canal. When anything came in their way, the words CIA assassination are heard (p158-159). This is their strategy, either comply with their strategic exploitation game and sell your beliefs for dollars and power or they send in their jackals or the CIA to intervene. After the tragic assassination of Panamas hero, his replacement, Manuel Noriega, followed in his footsteps particularly with the project of building a new canal financed by the Japanese. This posed a threat to U.S firms; they could lose billions of dollars. During the George H. W. Bush administration a new strategy emerged to deal with Noriegas intentions. It was through loss of reputation and mass murder. In 1986, they developed a corrupt image of drug dealing for Noriega. In 1989, the U.S invades Panama with airstrike assaults on the unharmful Panamanian civilians violating international law (p 173-175). Perkins wrote about Ecuador and how the U.S oil company ChevronTexaco Corp contaminated rivers and open holes with four million gallons of toxic waste water which contained oil, carcinogens and heavy metals which poisons the Ecuadorian people and their animals (p xviii). Their democratically elected President Jaime Roldos wanted oil companies out of his country, unless they implemented plans that would help Ecuadors people, they would be forced to leave his country. His people were frustrated and so was he. This posed a threat to their strategy of corporatocracy, therefore a CIA assassination strategy was implemented and he died in a plane crash two months before Torrijos in 1981 (p 154-156). In 1973, an important event occurred that changed the strategy of corporatocracy, the Oil Embargo. This was due to the U.Ss support to the state of Israel both politically and with foreign aid. This caused five Arab countries including Saudi Arabia to stop oil shipments to the U.S (p 82-83). King Faisal of Saudi Arabia played a great role in this embargo since he believed in the freedom of Palestine and swore to pray in Jerusalems Aqsa Mosque. But like any leader that opposed U.S interests he was murdered in 1975 by his own nephew who coincidentally was just being educated in the U.S. As for their strategy for oil rich and strategically located countries such as Saudi Arabia, they sent EHMs, including Perkins team, to the House of Saud, with their strategic weapon, economic projections. In order to preserve their oil supply, Washington commenced a new strategy to lure the wealthy House of Saud using negotiations offering technical support, military hardware and training, and an opportunity to bring their nation into the twentieth century. This arrangement would guarantee the House of Sauds power and the U.S would receive large portions of petrodollars and forever making Saudis dependent on the U.S companies, such as MAIN. Perkins role was to forecast rough projections of the future of the kingdom if large sums of money were invested in its infrastructure by the aid of U.S construction and engineering companies. He described it as win-win situation (p 83-85). The author was assigned to persuade a member of the Saudi government, Prince W., of a possible new Westernised future of the kingdom in 1975. The protagonist soon realized his weakness for beautiful blondes. And he exploited that weakness and supplied him with his need of women which portrays the measures EHMs result in order to fulfil their assignment. Indeed his technique proved to be a success and Prince W. eventually relented (p 92-95). The diabolic outcome of this strategy is not the result of having a guaranteed unlimited oil support, but is the message the U.S sent; If other countries such as Iran, Iraq threatened embargoes, Saudi Arabia would step in discourage other countries from even considering an embargo (p 90). The U.S can not only further corporatocracy but it can even escape with supporting terrorists for their own gain and later pursuing them as outlaws. The U.S desired the House of Saud to bankroll Osama bin Ladens Afghan war against the Soviet Union in the 1980s and they both generously devoted $3.5 billion to the mujahideen resistance movement (p 99). Washington was supporting who it now name murderers and terrorists to further its political agenda, in fact it was an excellent strategy to exploit such movements and later destroy them. Since the success of the Saudi Arabia strategy in the 70s, the greed of the corporatocracy grew and EHMs were sent to Saddam Hussein of Iraq to exploit his oil reserves in exchange for infrastructural prosperity. Unlike the House of Saud, he did not comply. To Washington, Iraq represented oil, water and its borders with Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. It is at strike distance with Israel and the former Soviet Union. That would have control over its neighbours; some which are oil rich (p 182-184). Refusing to comply, Iraq was attacked twice breaking international law. Once by George H. W. Bush in the 1990s with air strikes and aerial assaults on civilians. And second, by George W. Bush in 2003 where he deceived the world by claiming Hussein owned weapons of mass destruction. But people implied at that time that he planned to sell his oil for Euros which triggered the war. John Perkins book furthered a vast amount of knowledge to my perception of world leaders. I was always sceptical about many leaders but never did I know about EHMs. I was aware about corruption in governments, the U.S compliance with terrorism and its double standards that caused the murder of generations, the emotional scaring of orphans and the theft of dignity, resources and morals of many countries. Personal examples of this is the differenced between the Egyptian government at the time of Anwar Sadat who fought to help free Palestine and stop the Israeli genocide and now where Israelis are using chemical weapons to bomb schools and orphan children and the Egyptians are denying charities to supply those children with food. In my point of view this is also due to the U.Ss strategic exploitation as Egypt relies on billions of U.S foreign aid. I believe that EHMs were in Egypt. Another example is Saudi Arabia and how its leaders stood watching the U.S butcher Iraqi civilians in the war in 2003 and allowed U.S helicopters fly to Iraq via Saudi Arabia. After reading this book, I also thought of mysterious assassinations of important politicians such as Rafic Al Hariri who was a supporter of Hezbollah who protected Lebanon from Israeli occupation and Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan. Those were people of similar standards as Torrijos and Roldos and perhaps I am right to now believe that those were CIA assassinations. The extent of the use of exploitation strategies by the corporatocracy was appalling and in my point of view the author was convincing and he was right to quit and expose this form of manipulation and terrorism employed by the U.S. As for a solution for corporatocracy, I believe it is in the reason of its existence, the reason why Perkins joined it, the same reason it was created; greed and power hunger. If we can perhaps teach American schools the importance of the life, liberty and pursuit of happiness of every country, not just theirs and about international laws, then they might realise the real terrorists. I agree with J ohn Perkins on his strategy of spreading awareness, using his book and the media, and his idea giving this book and talking about it to friends and family. I would also suggest translating this book in different languages, especially Arabic and giving it to Iraqis and Saudis so they can see for themselves the working of the corporatocracy in their everyday life.

Crucial Effect Of The Cuban Missile Crisis Essay -- History, Nuclear W

Since the Cuban Revolution of 1959, tension and problematic situations have arose between the United States and Cuba (US-Cuba Relations 1). Before America helped Cuba fight of the Spanish for their independence, the Americans had strong political and economical affairs within the island (US-Cuba Relations 1). But, since the Cubans created a nation of their own, they blocked the Americans from many freedoms within Cuba (US-Cuba Relations 1). Although there are many examples of the tension between America and Cuba, the Cuban Missile Crisis had the most crucial effect on their long lasting feud. The main reason for the crucial effect of the Cuban Missile Crisis comes from the fact that this event was the closest the world has ever been to a nuclear war. In 1962, America was very prepared with their nuclear weapons, being able to attack the Soviet Union with missiles if necessary (Overview of the Crisis 1). But the disadvantage to the Soviets was that their missiles could only be used within Europe. As a result, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev proposed the idea of placing their missile launching centres in Cuba, making their distance from the United States very slim (Overview of the Crisis 1). Since Castro was fearing another American attack, he approved the proposal of placing missiles on his island. By 1962, the Soviets had started placing missiles in Cuba, and that was when the crisis began (Overview of the Crisis 1). On October 15, 1962, photos were taken from American airplanes revealing the missions of the Soviet missiles in Cuba (Overview of the Crisis 1). On Octob er 22, President Kennedy took matters into his own hands by announcing the reveal of missiles in Cuba (Overview of the Crisis 1). He announced his mission to q... ...was a powerful source of the tension that still exists between America and Cuba, but since it remains to separate the two countries from each other, it does not prove as significant as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Therefore, the strength of the Cuban Missile Crisis proves to be the strongest of all events that represent tension between the United States and Cuba. In conclusion, the Cuban Missile Crisis proves to have had a large impact on our world today. Whether it is through the way we consider how we avoided a nuclear war, learnt a lesson of resolution, or compare it’s significance to other events between Cuba and America, this crucial event has shown a significant part in North American and European history. Although there are many examples of the tension between America and Cuba, the Cuban Missile Crisis had the most crucial effect on their long lasting feud.

Crow Lake Empathy Essay

In Mary Lawson’s Crow Lake, Kate Morrison is left emotionally stunted after a series of events leave her disappointed and grieving. When Kate is only seven, her parents are killed in a tragic car accident. Luckily for Kate, she could find condolence in her older brother Matt and the pond, a bond shared between the two. Kate idolizes Matt so it crushes her when he impregnates their neighbour and can no longer continue with his education. Kate sees this as a huge disappointment. She’s afraid of love and emotion due to her unresolved conflicts in the past. Kate has been left incapable of empathy in fear of becoming close to anyone again.From a young age Kate has been unfamiliar with others’ and her own emotions. The Morrison household preferred to keep drama to a minimum. Kate refers to this as the Eleventh Commandment: Understatement was the rule in our house. Emotions, even positive ones, were kept firmly under control. It was the Eleventh Commandment, carved on i ts very own tablet of stone and presented specifically to those of Presbyterian persuasion: Thou Shall Not Emote (p. 9). Being a stranger to emotion, Kate finds it difficult to identify and feel what another person is feeling.Exposure to emotional outbursts makes Kate anxious as she cannot find a proper way to deal with others due to her inability to fully understand and empathize. When Kate is approached by one of her students after class she assumes it is because of reasons related to her studies. â€Å"‘I guess I’m not the sympathetic type’ † she admits, â€Å"‘[s]ympathy and empathy are linked, after all’ † (p. 236). The student is struggling to find words when Kate suggests that â€Å" ’ [i]f it isn’t connected to your work, then I may not be the best person†¦ ’ † (p. 237).When her student confirms it’s about her studies Kate begins with a generic authoritive response to Fiona’s proble m, encouraging her to go on with her work rather than leave university but when she is faced with the raw emotion of Fiona’s tears Kate shys away, reminding herself that despite both growing up in a rural area, their situations were nothing alike. Rather than trying to relate, Kate pushes herself away. The Eleventh Commandment sticks with her throughout her life The return to Crow Lake unearthed feelings that had been buried for too long.For Matt’s wife, Marie, these feelings were frustration with Kate’s attitude toward Matt. Marie quite clearly sees how Kate’s judgements negatively affect him and finally decides to lecture Kate on her blindness to Matt’s satisfaction with his life and her lack of forgiveness towards him. Kate was completely stunned by Marie’s words of how her disappointment is the heaviest weight on his shoulders; to Kate it seemed â€Å"that her accusations made no sense† (p. 279). Kate, unable to see things from Ma rie’s eyes, is unnerved and puzzled by what happened. She was convinced that she had been protecting Matt. Here am I, with my wonderful career, and here is my boyfriend with his wonderful career, and look at all of you† (p. 260). She felt as if she would have been bragging to talk about anything in her current life, rubbing Matt’s face in her big city endeavours. Her lack of empathy made her blind towards Marie’s attempt at displaying Matt’s want to regain the bond they had once had. If Kate was able to empathize, she would have been able to forgive Matt. Matt was only seventeen when he had to give up life as a normal teenage boy to be a guardian to his younger sisters.Not only did he have school to worry about but also the well being of his siblings and financial stability. For a moment Kate is almost able to empathize with Matt on why he became close with Marie. She excuses Matt because â€Å"he was eighteen, and when he put his arms around her h e would have felt how soft she was† (p. 248). But she quickly refuses to accept what Matt had done, unable to completely understand why he threw away what meant so much to him. Kate feels as though Matt is still grieving over his loss of opportunity when in reality he moved on. If Kate could only see things through Matt’s eyes she would know.Her incapability of letting go obstructs her empathy skills and vice versa. Kate’s inability to empathize stems from the fear of being left disappointed. After the incident with Matt she doesn’t allow herself to become close. Empathizing requires openness, expression and a certain degree of intimacy, all of which are foreign to Kate. Although Kate is incapable of empathy, that doesn’t mean she doesn’t have room to grow. Lawson leaves the ending quite open but hints at Kate’s readiness to finally let go. Works Cited Lawson, Mary. Crow Lake. Toronto: Vintage Canada, 2002.

The Real Swaraj will not come by the acquisition Essays

The Real Swaraj will not come by the acquisition Essays "The Real Swaraj will not come by the acquisition of authority by a few but by the acquisition capacity by all to resist authority when abused." -Mahatma Gandhi Introduction India is a democratic country. The head of the country is elected by the people of the country. The Government of the country possesses the authority to work for the welfare of the country on behalf of the people. The final decision making power regarding the welfare of the country is in the hands of Government. The people of the country want to know how the government is functioning. People have many questions regarding the functioning of the government. So, to answer all the questions of the people, the Parliament passed a new Bill known as "The Right to Information Act, 2005". The Bill was presented in Parliament on 22nd December, 2004. After intense debate till 15th June, 2005, it was finally passed on 15th June 2005 and came into force on 12th October, 2005. The Right to Information Act aimed at ensuring transparency in the functioning of Central State Governments. The Act provides for setting out the practical regime of right to information for the people to secure access to information under the control of public authorities to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, the Central Information Commission and State Information Commissions have been constituted for this purpose. Before passing of this Act, Disclosure of Government Information in India was governed by a law enacted during the British rule named as Official Secrets Act of 1889 which was amended in 1923. After 1923, it has taken India 82 years to transition from an opaque system of governance, legitimized by the colonial Official Secrets Act, to one where citizens can demand the right to information. The Right to Information is derived from our fundamental right of freedom of speech and expression under Article 19 of the Constitution of India. It says, " All the citizens shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression. " The main idea is that if the people do not have any information regarding the functioning of the Government and public institutions, then people cannot expr ess any informed opinion on it. For such a democracy to function, Freedom of Press is necessary to be understood first. The main reason for a free press is to ensure that the citizen s are informed. Thus, it clearly flows from this that the citizens' right to know is paramount. The date of 12th October, 2005 shall be remembered as a new era of empowerment for the common man i n India. It is applicable every where except JK. MEANING OF INFORMATION- Information means any material in any form including records, documents, memos, e-mails, opinions, advices, press releases, circulars, orders, logbooks, contracts, reports, papers, samples, models, data material held in any electronic form and information relating to any private body which can be accessed by a public authority under any other law for the time being in force. The formal recognition of a legal Right to Information in India occurred more than two decades before legislation was finally enacted, when the Supreme Court of India ruled in State of U.P. v Raj Narain that the Right to Information is implicit in the right to freedom of speech and expression explicitly guaranteed in Article 19 of the Indian Constitution. Subsequently, the Court has affirmed this decision in numerous cases, and has even linked the Right to Information with the right to life enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution. The RTI Act, which if used sensibly and efficiently can take the country in the direction of new democracy and good governance. "If liberty and equality, as is thought by some are chiefly to be found in democracy, they will be best attained when all persons alike share in the government to the utmost". RTI is perceived as a key to strengthen participatory democracy and ushering in people-centered governance. With access to information on their side, people can function better as an informed and responsible citizenry - investigating and scrutinizing government actions and reviewing the performance of their elected representatives with a view to seriously holding

Common Plastics We Use Every Single Day

Common Plastics We Use Every Single Day You probably do not realize the impact that the invention of plastic has had in your life. In just 60 short years, plastics popularity has grown considerably. This is largely due to just a few reasons. They can be easily molded into a wide range of products, and they offer benefits that other materials do not. How Many Types of Plastic Are There? You may think that plastic is just plastic, but there are actually about 45 different families of plastics. In addition, each of these families can be made with hundreds of different variations. By changing different molecular factors of the plastic, they can be made with different properties, including flexibility, transparency, durability, and more. Thermoset or Thermoplastics? Plastics can all be separated into two primary categories:Â  thermoset and thermoplastic. Thermoset plastics are those that when cooled and hardened retain their shape and cannot return to original form. Durability is a benefit meaning that they can be used for tires, auto parts, aircraft parts, and more. Thermoplastics are less hard than the thermosets. They can become soft when heated and can return to their original form. They are easily molded to be formed into fibers, packaging, and films. Polyethylene Most household plastic packaging is made from polyethylene. It comes in almost 1,000 different grades. Some of the most common household items are the plastic film, bottles, sandwich bags, and even types of piping. Polyethylene can also be found in some fabrics and in mylar as well. Polystyrene Polystyrene can form a harder, impact-resistant plastic that is used for cabinets, computer monitors, TVs, utensils, and glasses. If it is heated and the air is added to the mixture, it turns into what is called EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) also known by the Dow Chemical tradename, Styrofoam. This is a lightweight rigid foam that is used for insulation and for packaging. Polytetrafluoroethylene or Teflon This type of plastic was developed by DuPont in 1938. The benefits of it are that it is almost frictionless on the surface and it is a stable, strong, and is a heat-resistant type of plastic. It is most commonly used in products like bearings, film, plumbing tape, cookware, and tubing, as well as waterproof coatings and films. Polyvinyl Chloride or PVC This type of plastic is durable, non-corrosive, as well as affordable. This is why it is used for pipes and plumbing. It does have one downfall, however, and that is the fact that a plasticizer has to be added to make it soft and moldable and this substance may leach out of it over a long period of time, which makes it brittle and subject to breaking. Polyvinylidene Chloride or Saran This plastic is recognized by its ability to conform to the shape of a bowl or other item. It is used mainly for films and wraps that need to be impermeable to food odors. Saran wrap is one of the most popular wraps for storing food. Polyethylene LDPE and HDPE Perhaps the most common type of plastic is polyethylene. This plastic can be separated into two different types, including low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene. The differences in them make them ideal for different uses. For example, LDPE is soft and flexible, so it is used in garbage bags, films, wraps, bottles, and disposable gloves. HDPE is a harder plastic and is used mainly in containers, but was first introduced in the hula hoop. As you can tell, the world of plastics is quite large, and getting larger with the recycling of plastics. Learning more about the different types of plastic can enable you to see that this invention has had a strong impact on the world at large. From drinking bottles to sandwich bags to pipes to cookware and more, plastic is a big part of your everyday life, no matter what type of life you lead.

The Economy of Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Economy of Japan - Essay Example Exchange rate in a floating regime are determined by the supply and demand for a that currency, if the demand for a currency is high then the value of the currency will appreciate against other currency, if demand for a currency falls and speculators sell the currency then the value of the currency depreciates against other currencies. This paper analyses the factors that have contributed to the fluctuations in the Japanese yen exchange rate, this factors include inflation, interest rates, unemployment levels, monetary policies, fiscal policies and trade balances and other factors. Inflation is the rise in prices of products in the entire economy for a long period of time, inflation is caused by increased money supply or even an increase in the level of prices of inputs such as crude oil prices, there exist two types of inflation as Keynes depicted, the cost push and demand pull inflation, in Japan the level of inflation has risen steadily and this means that the local currency namely the Yen has appreciated over time against the other major currencies. Governments will always try to balance inflation and unemployment levels, according to the Philips curve the... Unemployment can be defined as the number of people who are jobless in an economy it is calculated by dividing the number of people who are unemployed with the number of people who are termed as the work force in an economy it may also refer to a condition in which an economy has idle resources that are not being utilized. Today japans unemployment levels have declined to 4.0% since May this year, the highest recorded level of unemployment in Japan from 1953 because this is when the economy initiated records was 4.8%, unemployment can be reduced through the use of fiscal and monetary policy, unemployment has slightly gone down in Japan, this decline is as a result of increasing interest rates, when interest rates increase the cost of borrowing capital rises and therefore less investment will occur in the economy and this will result into a decline in the employment rates. Therefore the decline in unemployment means that the exchange rate will appreciate. Interest rates: Interest rates are referred to as the cost of borrowed funds, a rise or drop in interest rates will affect the exchange rate of a countries currency, the interest rates are expected to rise according to the Japanese, when interest rates increase then the currency will appreciate, however if low interest rates exist in a country its currency will devalue. Today interest rates are rising and therefore the value of the yen is appreciating against the other major currencies, this is the reason why the Japanese yen has appreciated against the US dollar for the past two months as a result of rising interest rates. Trade balance: Trade balances occur when the level of exports do not balance with the value of imports, when there is a positive balance of trade whereby exports exceed imports then

Impact of the Economic Environment on a Success of New Enterprise in a Essay

Impact of the Economic Environment on a Success of New Enterprise in a Country - Essay Example This essay outlines the significance of correct appraisal of the international marketing environment for the successful conduct of a business in different countries in the age of globalization. Importance of healthy economic environment is considered in the essay. International marketing is faced with a variety of challenges as it is requires great strategies to achieve compatibility between different countries. This is in terms of the different needs of people in the different countries, as well as their regional differences. Different studies have shown that most international companies do not put into consideration this aspect of a country’s economy when coming up with their strategies. Such international companies still register success in their international markets, having disregarded the aspect of economic environment. This is a proof that economic environment is not the most important consideration in international marketing, as there are more important aspects. Of all the factors to be considered in appraising for international marketing, culture stands out as the most important factor. International marketing is a way of bridging between various countries and a way of profit creation. Culture is important in bridging between countries. However, economic factors also play an important role in determining the purchasing power and decisions of consumers in a country. This way, wealthy countries are the best platforms for international marketing as the purchasing power of their consumers is high. ... effective marketing strategies to counter this socio-cultural influence among countries, which believe that fitness is only important for the rich professionals and not the common man. By identifying themselves as alternatives to health, the fitness companies have managed to get an entrance into some of the countries that have this psychological attitude towards fitness. In addition, the McDonald’s Company has registered great success in different countries because of its cultural awareness in host countries. Mainly, this company adjusts its menus and diets to suit the dietary need and cultures of the people in the host countries (Francis, 2010). Apart from culture, the economic environment of countries is an important aspect for effective international marketing. This comprises a country’s GNP. GDP, as well as per capita income. These are essential in determining the power of consumer buying in a country. If these are high, it means the consumer buying power is also hi gh. Business executives interested in international marketing can therefore, use these to determine the level of a country’s economic environment, as well as its market profitability (Kaynak, 1991). The economy of a country is a great influence in international marketing, as this comprises elements that are indicators of the height of market profitability in countries. It is therefore certain that the economic environment of a country is paramount in international marketing, given the important information it provides on wealth, consumer buying power, and income level, which are important market indicators (Muhlbacher, Leihs, & Dahringer, 2006). However, different studies have shown that most international companies do not put into consideration this aspect of a country’s economy when coming up